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'''Fredrick "Chairman Fred" Allen Hampton Sr.''' (August 30, 1948 – December 4, 1969) was an American activist. He came to prominence in his late teens and very early 20s in [[Chicago]] as deputy chairman of the national [[Black Panther Party]] and chair of the [[Illinois]] chapter. As a progressive [[African American]], he founded the anti-racist, anti-classist [[Rainbow Coalition (Fred Hampton)|Rainbow Coalition]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uncpress.org/book/9781469622101/from-the-bullet-to-the-ballot/|title=From the Bullet to the Ballot | Jakobi Williams|website=University of North Carolina Press}}</ref> a prominent [[multicultural]] political organization that initially included the Black Panthers, [[Young Patriots Organization|Young Patriots]] (which organized poor whites), and the [[Young Lords]] (which organized Hispanics), and an alliance among major [[Gangs in Chicago|Chicago street gangs]] to help them end infighting and work for social change. A [[Marxism-Leninism-Maoism|Marxist–Leninist-Maoist]],{{Sfn|Haas|2009|p=4}}
In 1967, the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) identified Hampton as a radical threat. It tried to subvert his activities in Chicago, sowing disinformation among black progressive groups and placing a [[counterintelligence]] operative in the local Panthers organization. In December 1969, Hampton was drugged,<ref name=Ali2021Hampton>{{cite web |last1=Ali |first1=Rasha |title=Fact-checking 'Judas and the Black Messiah': Was Fred Hampton drugged or arrested over ice cream? |publisher=[[USA Today]] |date=February 13, 2021 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2021/02/13/judas-and-black-messiah-fact-check-was-fred-hampton-drugged/4390689001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210322012035/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/movies/2021/02/13/judas-and-black-messiah-fact-check-was-fred-hampton-drugged/4390689001/ |archive-date=22 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Thamm |first1=Natalie |title=Murder or "Justifiable Homicide"?: The Death of the Revolutionary Fred Hampton |url=https://stmuhistorymedia.org/murder-or-justifiable-homicide-the-death-of-the-revolutionary-fred-hampton/ |website=STMU History Media |access-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210322012309/https://stmuhistorymedia.org/murder-or-justifiable-homicide-the-death-of-the-revolutionary-fred-hampton/ |archive-date=22 March 2021 |date=7 April 2019}}</ref> then shot and killed in his bed during a predawn raid at his Chicago apartment by a tactical unit of the [[Cook County State's Attorney]]'s Office, who received aid from the [[Chicago Police Department]] and the FBI leading up to the attack. Law enforcement sprayed more than 100 gunshots throughout the apartment; the occupants fired once.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=William |title=In 1969, charismatic Black Panthers leader Fred Hampton was killed in a hail of gunfire. 50 years later, the fight against police brutality continues |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-black-panthers-raid-fred-hampton-50-years-20191203-kbzgztrvtfh7tp7x4ggtvhncpm-story.html |website=Chicago Tribune |access-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210322012855/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-black-panthers-raid-fred-hampton-50-years-20191203-kbzgztrvtfh7tp7x4ggtvhncpm-story.html |archive-date=22 March 2021 |date=3 December 2019}}</ref> During the raid, Panther [[Mark Clark (activist)|Mark Clark]] was also killed and several others were seriously wounded. In January 1970, the Cook County Coroner held an inquest; the coroner's jury concluded that Hampton's and Clark's deaths were [[justifiable homicide]]s.{{Sfn|Haas|2009|p=111}}<ref name="Dolan">{{cite news |last=Dolan |first=Thomas J. |date=January 22, 1970 |title=Panther Inquest Backs Police |url=http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/F%20Disk/FBI/FBI%20Black%20Panthers/Item%2010.pdf |newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times |location=Chicago |page=3 |access-date=October 15, 2015 |archive-date=May 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514080826/http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/nothing-but-a-northern-ly_b_355670 |title=Nothing but a Northern Lynching: The Death of Fred Hampton Revisited |last=Rutberg |first=Susan |date=December 6, 2017 |website=Huffpost |access-date=October 19, 2019 |archive-date=April 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403171141/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/nothing-but-a-northern-ly_b_355670 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web |url=https://stmuhistorymedia.org/murder-or-justifiable-homicide-the-death-of-the-revolutionary-fred-hampton/ |title=Murder or 'Justifiable Homicide'?: The Death of the Revolutionary Fred Hampton |last=Thamm |first=Natalie |date=April 7, 2019 |website=STMU History Media |access-date=October 19, 2019 |archive-date=October 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020044107/https://stmuhistorymedia.org/murder-or-justifiable-homicide-the-death-of-the-revolutionary-fred-hampton/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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