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During the 2nd century the region was home to the Voluntii tribe, according to [[Ptolemy]]. From the 400s-1177 County Down formed a central part of the kingdom of [[Ulaid]]. Ulaid was a frequent target of Viking raids in the eighth and ninth centuries, however fierce local resistance prevented the Norse from setting up permanent settlements in the region. In 1001 a fleet led by [[Sigtrygg Silkbeard]] raided much of the region in retribution for the Ulaiden's refusal to offer him sanctuary from [[Brian Boru]] the previous year.
The region was [[Norman invasion of Ireland|invaded]] by the [[Normans]] in 1177. From the 1180s-1600s the region would see waves of English and Scottish immigration. The county was privately planted during the [[Plantations of Ireland|Plantation period]]. During the [[Williamite War in Ireland]] (1689–1691) the county was a centre of Protestant rebellion against the rule of the Catholic [[James II of Ireland|James II]]. After forming a scratch force the Protestants were defeated by the [[Irish Army (Kingdom of Ireland)|Irish Army]] at the [[Break of Dromore]] and forced to retreat, leading to the whole of Down falling under [[Jacobitism|Jacobite]] control. Later the same year [[Marshal Schomberg]]'s large [[Williamite]] expedition arrived in Belfast Lough and captured Bangor. After laying [[Siege of Carrickfergus (1689)|siege to Carrickfergus]] Schomberg marched south to [[Dundalk Camp]], clearing County Down and much of the rest of East Ulster of Jacobite troops.
==Geography==
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