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{{italic title}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Bothriopsis''
| image = Bothriopsis taeniata (3).jpg
| image_caption = Speckled forest pitviper, ''[[Bothriopsis taeniata|B. taeniata]]''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| subphylum = [[Vertebrate|Vertebrata]]
| classis = [[Reptile|Reptilia]]
| ordo = [[Squamata]]
| subordo = [[Serpentes]]
| familia = [[Viperidae]]
| subfamilia = ''[[Crotalinae]]''
| genus = '''''Bothriopsis'''''
| genus_authority = [[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1861<ref name="McD99">McDiarmid RW, [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], Touré T. 1999. ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).</ref>
}}
:'''''Common names''': forest-pitvipers.<ref name="C&L04">Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.</ref>''
 
'''''Bothriopsis''''' is a [[genus]] of [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Crotalinae|pitvipers]] found in eastern [[Panama]] and most of northern [[South America]].<ref name="McD99"/> The name is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''bothros'' for "pit", and ''-opsis'' for "face" or "appearance"; obviously an allusion to the heat-sensitive [[loreal pit]] organs.<ref name="C&L04"/> Seven [[species]] are currently recognized.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=634412 |taxon=Bothriopsis |accessdate=18 April 2008}}</ref>
 
==Description==
Members of this genus vary in size from small to as much as 150&nbsp;cm (59 inches) in total length. All have a prehensile tail and cryptic color patterns that are typically arboreal adaptations. These color patterns may include a lot of green, and may or may not include pale or dark markings.<ref name="C&L04"/>
 
==Geographic range==
Found in eastern [[Panama]] and most of northern [[South America]], including the Pacific lowlands of [[Colombia]] and [[Ecuador]], the [[Andes Mountains]] from [[Venezuela]] and Colombia to [[Bolivia]], the [[Amazon Basin]] and the Atlantic forests of [[Brazil]].<ref name="McD99"/>
 
==Species==
{|cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Species<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Taxon author<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Subsp.*<ref name="ITIS"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name<ref name="C&L04"/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range<ref name="McD99"/>
|-
|''[[Bothriopsis bilineata|B. bilineata]]''
|([[Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied|Wied-Neuwied]], 1825)
|align="center"|1
|Two-striped forest-pitviper
|style="width:40%"|[[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] region of [[South America]]: [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]], [[Surinam]], [[French Guiana]], [[Brazil]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]]. An isolated population is known from the Atlantic versant of southeastern Brazil.
|-
|''[[Bothriopsis medusa|B. medusa]]''
|([[:fr:Richard Sternfeld|Sternfeld]], 1920)
|align="center"|0
|Venezuelan forest-pitviper
|Venezuela, including the Cordillera de la Costa (coastal range), the [[Venezuelan Capital District|Federal District]] and the states of [[Aragua (state)|Aragua]], [[Bolívar (state)|Bolívar]] and [[Carabobo]].
|-
|''[[Bothriopsis oligolepis|B. oligolepis]]''
|([[Franz Werner|F. Werner]], 1901)
|align="center"|0
|Peruvian forest-pitviper
|Eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia.
|-
|''[[Bothriopsis peruviana|B. peruviana]]''
|([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1903)
|align="center"|0
|
|Southeastern Peru.
|-
|''[[Bothriopsis pulchra|B. pulchra]]''
|([[Wilhelm Peters|W. Peters]], 1862)
|align="center"|0
|Andean forest-pitviper
|Eastern slopes of the Andes from south-central Colombia to southern Ecuador.
|-
|''[[Bothriopsis punctata|B. punctata]]''
|([[Juan Carlos García (herpetologist)|García]], 1896)
|align="center"|0
|Chocoan lancehead
|From the [[Darién Gap|Darién]] of [[Panama]] along the Pacific slope of Colombia and Ecuador to extreme northern Peru.
|-
|''[[Bothriopsis taeniata|B. taeniata]]''<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>
|([[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1824)
|align="center"|1
|Speckled forest-pitviper
|Widespread in the equatorial forests of Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru and Bolivia.
|-
|}
''*) Not including the [[nominate subspecies]].''<br>
<span style="font-size:100%;"><sup>T</sup></span>) [[Type species]].<ref name="McD99"/>
 
==Taxonomic comment==
[[File:Bothriopsis taeniata (2).jpg|thumb|right|''Bothriopsis taeniata'']]
The status of this genus is controversial: several studies have shown that ''Bothriopsis'' is nested within ''Bothrops'', rendering the latter paraphyletic.<ref name="Werman1992">Werman, S.D. (1992) Phylogenetic relationships of Central and South American pitvipers of the genus ''Bothrops'' (''sensu lato''): cladistic analysis of biochemical and anatomical characters. In ''Biology of the Pitvipers'' (J.A. Campbell & E.D. Brodie, Jr., eds.), pp. 21-40. Selva Publishing, Tyler, Texas.</ref><ref name="Salom97">Salomão, M.G., W. Wüster, R.S. Thorpe & B.B.B.S.P. (1997) DNA evolution of South American pitvipers of the genus Bothrops. In R.S. Thorpe, W. Wüster & A. Malhotra (Eds.), ''Venomous Snakes: Ecology, Evolution and Snakebite''. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, No. 70, Pp. 89-98. Clarendon Press, Oxford.</ref><ref name="WW2002">Wüster, W., M.G. Salomão, J.A. Quijada-Mascareñas, R.S. Thorpe & B.B.B.S.P. (2002) Origin and evolution of the South American pitviper fauna: evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis. In ''Biology of the Vipers'' (G.W. Schuett, M. Höggren, M.E. Douglas & H.W. Greene, eds.), pp. 111-128. Eagle Mountain Publishing, Eagle Mountain, Utah.</ref> Some authors<ref name="Salom97"/><ref name="WW2002"/> have argued that ''Bothriopsis'' should therefore be synonymised with ''Bothrops'', while others have preferred to continue recognising the genus as valid, with the expectation of future generic splits in ''Bothrops''.<ref name="C&L04"/>
 
==See also==
* [[List of crotaline species and subspecies]]
* {{c|Crotalinae by common name}}
* {{c|Crotalinae by taxonomic synonyms}}
* [[Snakebite]]
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
* {{NRDB genus|genus=Bothriopsis|date=18 April|year=2008}}
* [http://venom-center.com/species/crotalinae/bothriopsis/ ''Bothriopsis species list''] at [http://www.venom-center.com.com/ VenomCenter.com]
 
[[Category:Crotalinae]]
[[Category:Snakes of South America]]
[[Category:Snake genera]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bothriopsis"