Manara Reginald
| Manara Reginald | |
|---|---|
Túr Raghnaill | |
 Manara Reginald id Waterford, Ireland | |
  Lokasi do Manara Reginald id Ireland | |
| General information | |
| Kawo | Fortified tower |
| Kakadayan | Waterford |
| Pogun | Ireland |
| Koordinat | 52°15′37.5″N 7°6′19.5″W / 52.260417°N 7.105417°W |
| Noinsanangan ontok | Abad 13–14 |
| Kinawas | 54 ka |
| Dimensi | |
| Diameter | 42½ ka |
| Kokomoi teknikal | |
| Kakamot | Watu |
Invalid designation | |
| Official name | Manara Reginald |
| Reference no. | 661[1] |
Manara Reginald (Irish: Túr Raghnaill) nopo nga iso manara kisajara id Waterford, Munster, Ireland. Poinladsong o manara dii id kosilahon do dompok jeti kakadayan dii. Noguno o manara diti montok mogisuusuai tudu solinaid do borabad-abad om ii nopo nga mercu tanda oponsol id Waterford om nogi tungkus toponsol do sistem pertahanan kakadayan timpu pintangaan dau. Manara diti nopo nga bongunan sivik bobos otuo id Ireland om ii nopo nga iso-iso no kopio monumen kakadayan id Ireland i popotimporon do ngaran Norse toi ko' Viking.[2]
Sajara gulu
Nowonsoi do Anglo-Norman o Manara Reginald kalapas do penaklukan Waterford, minongolon do kubu Viking i nokopogulu. Ngaran manara dii nopo nga mantad do bontuk Inggiris mantad ngaran Ireland Raghnall, om sumusuhut nopo nga bontuk Gaelicised mantad Old Norse Røgnvaldr. Ngaran manara dii miagal do sumuku kumaa iso mantad do kogumuan ponguasa' Viking id kakadayan i minogowit ngaran dii.[3] Iso nopo kanto nga sumuku kumaa Ragnall Mac Gilla Muire, pomorinta' Hiberno-Norse i tohuri no id kakadayan dii.[4] Manara i dinondo nopo kanto nga nowonsoi ontok abad ko-13 toi ko'-14; ii nopo nowonsoi kanto ontok 1253 om 1280.[5] Ontok toun 1185, tuminubpo i Putera John id Waterford mantad England om mongulud pamansayan kawagu pertahanan kakadayan dii, kaampai no i manara.[6]
Manara diti nopo nga kikinawas do 54 kaki; Diameter dau nopo nga 42½ kaki om haro taap kerucut. Ii nopo nga soboogian mantad do tolig kota laid do Waterford om milo roitan do timpak tolu pasagi i nobontuk mantad tolu struktur - Manara Turgesius id Ralan Barronstrand, St. Martins Castle id Lady Lane, om Manara Reginald id jeti om nogi longkod pomolian.[7] Poinladsong ii maya strategik id tana takawas id pialatan do cawangan Bawang St. John (dinondo ointutunan sabaagi The Mall) om nogi Bawang Suir id koibutan. Osomok nogi ii miampai do Gereja Perancis i kisajara. Ii nopo nga iso mantad do hopod om turu manara i monorili do kakadayan Waterford ontok timpu pintangaan. Tadau baino nopo nga i bobos agayo mantad onom manara i poimpasi po, i roitan do poomitanan tosonong pertahanan kakadayan timpu pintangaan id Ireland.[8] Manara suai di poimpasi po nga Manara Mamadtamong, Manara Mitapil, Manara Perancis, Manara Saparu' tulan om Manara Kotogisan.[9]
Sajara Medieval
Ginuno o manara diti sabaagi do mint, tolungku, om gudang do soudor. Nointutunan nogi dii sabaagi kinoyonon do pisasawaan di Richard de Clare, Earl Pembroke kumoduo, om i Aoife (polombuson eefa), tanak tondu di Dermot MacMurrough, Raja Leinster.[10] Somonu gunoon sabaagi istana diraja, om tinombului di Raja John ontok 1210. Tuminombului i Richard II do manara dii ontok 1394 om nogi ontok 1399.[11] Ginuno dau o manara dii montok poopian do amunisi dau. Ontok 27 Madas 1399, noiduanan di Richard do Manara Reginald dii sabaagi Raja England om Wales; ontok kinorikatan dau id England, nagakom isio di Henry IV di sumusuhut om sinansagan do tumuhun takhta.
Ontok 1463, pinalabus o tusin pisa id Manara Reginald miampai ponuhuan do Parlimen Ireland. Id tusin pisa dii nopo nga haro hogot "Civitas Waterford". Ontok 1945, nakalantoi o meriam manara dii do manalob tinimungan Perkin Warbeck. Nolosod o iso kapal dau sabap no do meriam dii maamaso panalaban solinaid 11 tadau. Iti nopo nga kopomogunaan artileri di kumoiso i nakalantoi id kakadayan Ireland. Ini adalah penggunaan artileri pertama yang berjaya oleh bandar Ireland. Nokito o iso meriam mantad kapal diti id Bawang Suir ontok toun 1901.[12] Mantad do kinalantayon do kakadayan diti nosiliu o kakadayan diti sabaagi moto Urbs Intacta Manet - "Waterford kotimporon sabaagi kakadayan i amu natakluk".[13]
Tadau dinondo
Ontok toun 1861, nasanganu do Waterford Corporation o Manara Reginald,[14] om kinoyonon do Luguan Konstabel Waterford. Ii nopo nga noiyanan do potilombus gisom 1954, soira minogidu o mogigion di tohuri no om pinosiliu do muzium o bongunan dii. Maamaso haro koligaganan, gunoon ii sabaagi kinoyonon pongoligan mantad sangod udara. Dinondo nopo nga gunoon ii sabaagi Muzium Waterford Viking om popokito ogumu arkeologi mantad do pongukadan 2003 id Woodstown id Bawang Suir i minsomok do kakadayan.
Poinladsong ii id kinoyonon Waterford Viking Tringle id taatanga' kakadayan Waterford. Haro nogi iso replika kapal anaru do Viking id sampaping do manara dii.
Sukuon
- ↑ "National Monuments of County Waterford in State Care" (PDF). heritageireland.ie. National Monument Service. p. 2. Linoyog ontok 12 July 2020.
- ↑ McEneaney, 2001.
- ↑ Wilson 2014, p. 30.
- ↑ Halpin & Newman 2006, p. 490.
- ↑ J.S. Carroll, Decies Journal XXVI Summer 1984.
- ↑ Reginald's Tower, visitors guide, Office of Public Works
- ↑ Smith 1746, p. 166.
- ↑ Reginald's Tower, visitors guide, Office of Public Works
- ↑ McEneaney 2001, pp. 96–104.
- ↑ Power 1933, p. 20.
- ↑ Ralat maganu:Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaguide - ↑ Reginald's Tower, visitors guide, Office of Public Works
- ↑ Power 1933, p. 44.
- ↑ Walsh 1968, p. 13.