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Operando investigation of nanocrystal-based device energy landscape: Seeing the current pathway

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Abstract

Due to their unique optical properties, colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) have transitioned from a solution processable luminescent liquid to an established building block for optoelectronics. As devices get more advanced, a higher degree of refinement is also required for the probe used to investigate their electronic structure. For long, device optimization has relied on the measurement of physical properties of the pristine material, assuming that they would be maintained after device integration. However, such an assumption neglects the realistic dielectric environment and possibly applied electric fields to drive the device. Hence, tools compatible with operando investigation of the electronic structure are required. Here, we review and present additional results relative to the operando investigation of infrared NCs using photoemission microscopy. This technique combines the advantages of photoemission to unveil band alignment with a sub-µm spatial resolution that is used to correlate energy shift to the device geometry. This method gives direct access to parameters such as diode built-in potential, transistor lever arm, or even the vectorial distribution of the electric field that are otherwise only attainable through indirect methods involving modelling. We provide indications and precautions to be used in the design of devices to permit the operando analysis via photoemission techniques. It is, therefore, a very promising tool for the optimization of NC-based devices.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Stephane Lorcy for the help in sample preparation. The project is supported by ERC grant blackQD (No. 756225) and AQDtive (No. 101086358). We acknowledge the use of clean-room facilities from the “Centrale de Proximité Paris-Centre” and support from Renatech for micro and nanofabrication. This work was supported by Region Ile de France through Sesame project INSIDE. This work was supported by a public grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the grants Frontal (No. ANR-19-CE09-0017), Copin (No. ANR-19-CE24-0022), Bright (No. ANR-21-CE24-0012-02), MixDferro (No. ANR-21-CE09-0029), Quicktera (No. ANR-22-CE09-0018), Operatwist (No. ANR-22-CE09-0037-01), E-map (No. ANR-23-CE50-0025), and as part of the “Investissements d’Avenir” program (Labex NanoSaclay, reference: ANR-10-LABX-0035). This project has received financial support from the CNRS through the MITI interdisciplinary programs (project WITHIN).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France

    Mariarosa Cavallo, Dario Mastrippolito, Erwan Bossavit, Adrien Khalili, Huichen Zhang, Nicolas Ledos, Yoann Prado, Erwan Dandeu, Debora Pierucci & Emmanuel Lhuillier

  2. Laboratoire de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France

    Leonardo Curti & Sandrine Ithurria

  3. Laboratoire de physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France

    Michael Rosticher

  4. Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190, Saint-Aubin, France

    Erwan Bossavit, Pavel Dudin & José Avila

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  1. Mariarosa Cavallo
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Correspondence to José Avila or Emmanuel Lhuillier.

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Cavallo, M., Mastrippolito, D., Bossavit, E. et al. Operando investigation of nanocrystal-based device energy landscape: Seeing the current pathway. Nano Res. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6622-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6622-5

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