Abstract
This paper presents calibration of the Vehicle Routing and scheduling Problems with Time Windows-Probabilistic (VRPTW-P) model which takes into account the uncertainty of travel times. Probe vehicle data of travel times were obtained from usual operation of pickup-delivery trucks in South Osaka area. The optimal solution of the VRPTW-P model resulted in reducing total cost, running times and CO2, NOx and Particle Materials (PM) emissions compared with the usual operation. This is attributed to better routing of VRPTW-P to choose more reliable roads. Therefore, VRPTW-P can contribute to establish efficient and environmentally friendly delivery systems in urban area.
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Ando, N., Taniguchi, E. Travel Time Reliability in Vehicle Routing and Scheduling with Time Windows. Netw Spat Econ 6, 293–311 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-006-9285-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11067-006-9285-8