Abstract
Werner states are unitarily invariant states in the d dimensional Hilbert space. These states are entangled (EPR correlated) but still admits a hidden variable model. In this paper, we superpose a 2N qubit Bell state which are pairwise entangled with a 2N qubit completely random real pure state. For large N limits, the two-qubit reduced density matrix (both qubits are in the same Bell state of the superposed state) very closely resembles a Werner state. The random state is sampled from the surface of a 22N dimensional hypersphere of unit radius or equivalently sampled from a normal distribution of zero mean and unit variance. The quantitative analysis of entanglement measures such as concurrence and block entropy also reinforce our claim.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank CDAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing), Pune for providing supercomputing and parallel programming facilities under the project CondensedMatter-PR.
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Barkataki, P., Ramkarthik, M.S. Generating Two-Qubit Werner States Using Superpositions of Dimer and Random States in Hilbert Space. Int J Theor Phys 59, 550–561 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-019-04348-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-019-04348-5