Abstract
Purpose
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cancer negatively affects individuals�� quality of life and overall health. Mindfulness-based interventions appear to be promising in the reduction of cancer-related and treatment-related symptoms. This review aimed to systematically summarize and synthesize the best available evidence concerning the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on anxiety, depression, quality of life, fatigue, stress, posttraumatic growth, and mindfulness among adult cancer patients and survivors.
Methods
A literature search was conducted across 10 electronic databases. Only randomized controlled trials were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and performed quality assessment using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using review manager software, and standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to determine intervention effects. Subgroup analyses were performed for cancer type, gender, and interventions. Heterogeneity was examined using the Chi2 and I2 statistics.
Results
Twenty-nine studies were included with a total of 3476 participants. Those who received mindfulness-based interventions reported significantly lower anxiety, depression, fatigue, and stress and greater quality of life, posttraumatic growth, and mindfulness than respondents in control groups. Mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) produced the strongest intervention effect on anxiety (SMD = − 2.48) and depression (SMD = − 2.21), followed by mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) and mindfulness-based care recovery (MBCR). The interventions were effective across different cancer types.
Conclusion
Mindfulness-based interventions can be used as an adjuvant therapy for the management of cancer-related symptoms among cancer patients and survivors.
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Abbreviations
- ACT:
-
acceptance commitment therapy
- BCSG:
-
breast cancer support group
- CBT-I:
-
cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
- ES:
-
education and support
- MBAT:
-
mindfulness-based art therapy
- MBCT:
-
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy
- MBCR:
-
Mindfulness-Based Cancer Recovery
- MBSR:
-
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
- MBSR(BC):
-
mindfulness-based stress reduction (breast cancer)
- NEP:
-
Nutrition Education Program
- SNAP:
-
Stanford Nutritional Action Program
- UC:
-
usual care
- WLC:
-
wait-listed control
- NR:
-
not reported
- QoL:
-
quality of life
- UK:
-
United Kingdoms
- USA:
-
United States of America
- CEC:
-
Courtauld Emotional Control scale
- CES-D:
-
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
- CPTGI:
-
Chinese Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory
- CPSS:
-
Chinese Perceived Stress Scale
- C-SOSI:
-
Calgary Symptoms of Stress Inventory
- EORTC QLQ-C30:
-
European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire
- FACIT-F:
-
Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue
- FACIT-Sp:
-
Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spirituality
- FACT-B:
-
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast
- FACT-C:
-
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal
- FACT-G:
-
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General
- FACT-P:
-
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate
- FFMQ:
-
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
- FMI:
-
Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory
- FSI:
-
Fatigue Symptom Inventory
- GAD-7:
-
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment
- GSI:
-
Global Severity Index
- HADS:
-
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- HAM-A:
-
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale
- HAM-D:
-
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
- KIMS:
-
Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills
- MAAS:
-
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale
- MAX-PC:
-
Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer
- PAI:
-
Personality Assessment Inventory
- PHQ-8:
-
Patient Health Questionnaire Depression-8 scale
- PGH-10:
-
PROMIS Global Health-10
- POMS:
-
Profile of Mood States
- PSS:
-
Perceived Stress Scale
- PTGI:
-
Posttraumatic Growth Inventory
- SCL-90-R:
-
Symptom Checklist-90-Revised
- SF-36:
-
Short Form-36 Health Survey
- SOSI:
-
symptoms of stress inventory
- STAI:
-
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
- WHO-5:
-
World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index
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Xunlin, N., Lau, Y. & Klainin-Yobas, P. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions among cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 28, 1563–1578 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-019-05219-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-019-05219-9