Skip to main content

Probabilistic Selection of Case-Based Explanations in an Underwater Mine Clearance Domain

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development (ICCBR 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 11680))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Autonomous agents should formulate and achieve goals with minimum support from humans. Although this might be feasible in a perfectly static world, it is not as easy in the real world where uncertainty is bound to occur. One approach to solving such a problem is to formulate goals based on cases that explain discrepancies observed in the environment. However, in an uncertain world, multiple such cases often apply (i.e., as alternative explanations). Moreover, agents in the real world often have limited resources to achieve their missions. So, it is risky to generate and achieve goals for every applicable explanatory case. Our solution to these problems is to down-select the retrieved cases based on probabilities derived using Bayesian inference, then to monitor the selected cases’ validity based on observed evidence. We evaluate the performance of an agent in an underwater mine clearance domain and compare it to another agent that selects a random case from the candidate set.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Gogineni, V., Kondrakunta, S., Molineaux, M., Cox, M.T.: Application of case-based explanations to formulate goals in an unpredictable mine clearance domain. In: Proceedings of the ICCBR-2018 Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning for the Explanation of Intelligent Systems, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 42–51 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Floyd, M.W., Drinkwater, M., Aha, D.W.: Trust-Guided Behavior Adaptation Using Case-Based Reasoning. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, United States (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Paisner, M., Cox, M., Maynord, M., Perlis, D.: Goal-driven autonomy for cognitive systems. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, vol. 36, no. 36 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Molineaux, M., Klenk, M., Aha, D.W.: Goal-driven autonomy in a navy strategy simulation. In: AAAI, pp. 1548–1554 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dannenhauer, D., Munoz, A.H.: Raising expectations in GDA agents acting in dynamic environments. In: IJCAI, pp. 2241–2247 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cox, M.T.: Goal-driven autonomy and question-based problem recognition. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference on Advances in Cognitive Systems, Maryland, USA, pp. 29–45 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Munoz-Avila, H., Aha, D.W., Jaidee, U., Klenk, M., Molineaux, M.: Applying goal driven autonomy to a team shooter game. In: FLAIRS Conference (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Schank, R.C., Kass, A., Riesbeck, C.K.: Inside Case-Based Explanation. Psychology Press, London (2014)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  9. Cox, M.T., Burstein, M.H.: Case-based explanations and the integrated learning of demonstrations. Künstliche Intelligenz (Artif. Intell.) 22(2), 35–38 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ram, A.: Indexing, elaboration and refinement: incremental learning of explanatory cases. Mach. Learn. 10, 201–248 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Schank, R.C.: Explanation Patterns: Understanding Mechanically and Creatively. Psychology Press, London (2013)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Ram, A.: A theory of questions and question asking. J. Learn. Sci. 1(3 and 4), 273–318 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Ghallab, M., Nau, D., Traverso, P.: Automated Planning: Theory and Practice. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. de Mántaras, R.L., et al.: Re-trieval, reuse and retention in case-based reasoning. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 20(3), 215–240 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Aamodt, A., Plaza, E.: Case-based reasoning: foundational issues, methodological variations, and system approaches. AI Commun. 7(1), 39–52 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kolodner, J.: Case-Based Reasoning. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1993)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  17. Box, G.E., Tiao, G.C.: Bayesian Inference in Statistical Analysis. Wiley, Hoboken (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Maynord, M., Cox, M.T., Paisner, M., Perlis, D.: Data-driven goal generation for integrated cognitive systems. In: 2013 AAAI Fall Symposium Series (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hanheide, M., et al.: A framework for goal generation and management. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Goal-Directed Autonomy (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kondrakunta, S., Gogineni, V., Molineaux, M., Munoz-Avila, H., Oxenham, M., Cox, M.T.: Toward problem recognition, explanation and goal formulation. In: Proceedings of the 6th Goal Reasoning Workshop at IJCAI/FAIM-2018, Stockholm, Sweden (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Benjamin, M.R., Schmidt, H., Newman, P.M., Leonard, J.J.: Nested autonomy for unmanned marine vehicles with MOOS-IvP. J. Field Robot. 27(6), 834–875 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Cox, M.T., Ram, A.: Introspective multistrategy learning: on the construction of learning strategies. Artif. Intell. 112(1–2), 1–55 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Cox, M.T., Alavi, Z., Dannenhauer, D., Eyorokon, V., Munoz-Avila, H., Perlis, D.: MIDCA: a metacognitive, integrated dual-cycle architecture for self-regulated autonomy. In: AAAI (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Schank, R.C., Leake, D.B.: Creativity and learning in a case-based explainer. Artif. Intell. 40(1–3), 353–385 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Leake, D.B.: Evaluating Explanations: A Content Theory. Psychology Press, London (2014)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Ram, A.: AQUA: Questions that drive the explanation process. Georgia Institute of Technology (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Gentner, D., Forbus, K.: MAC/FAC: A model of similarity-based retrieval. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Chicago, IL, pp. 504–550 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kendall-Morwick, J., Leake, D.: A study of two-phase retrieval for process-oriented case-based reasoning. In: Montani, S., Jain, L.C. (eds.) Successful Case-Based Reasoning Applications-2, vol. 494, pp. 7–27. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38736-4_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Roth-Berghofer, T.R., Cassens, J.: Mapping goals and kinds of explanations to the knowledge containers of case-based reasoning systems. In: Muñoz-Ávila, H., Ricci, F. (eds.) ICCBR 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3620, pp. 451–464. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/11536406_35

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  30. Aamodt, A.: Explanation-driven case-based reasoning. In: Wess, S., Althoff, K., Richter, M. (eds.) Topics in Case-Based Reasoning, vol. 837, pp. 274–288. Springer, Berlin (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-58330-0_93

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. Floyd, M.W., Aha, D.W.: Incorporating transparency during trust-guided behavior adaptation. In: Goel, A., Díaz-Agudo, M.Belén, Roth-Berghofer, T. (eds.) ICCBR 2016. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 9969, pp. 124–138. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47096-2_9

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Cox, M.T.: A model of planning, action, and interpretation with goal reasoning. Adv. Cogn. Syst. 5, 57–76 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by AFOSR under grant FA2386-17-1-4063 and by ONR under grant number N00014-18-1-2009. We thank the anonymous reviews for the comments and suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Venkatsampath Raja Gogineni .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Gogineni, V.R., Kondrakunta, S., Brown, D., Molineaux, M., Cox, M.T. (2019). Probabilistic Selection of Case-Based Explanations in an Underwater Mine Clearance Domain. In: Bach, K., Marling, C. (eds) Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development. ICCBR 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11680. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29249-2_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29249-2_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-29248-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-29249-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics