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English: Asyad El Zar (Zar Masters)
Many people around the world know many ways to heal with music. For example, in the south of Italy, they have the "Tarantella" with the violin as the main instrument, while in Morocco it is called "Genawa", and its main instrument is the gembry (a plucked string instrument). These musics are similar in theme and rituals with Sudanese "Zar" and both use the same Pentatonic scale and similar rhythms. It is believed that Zar exists in Egypt since the first half of the 19th century after the opening of Sudan in Mohamed Ali's era in 1820. There are three types of Zar: 1-Sudanese Zar, related to the Ethiopian Zar which was popular in Cairo, Alexandria and the Canal cities, but then, lost popularity. Its main instrument is the tanbura (a super-size simsimia/lyre), and the musicians that play it are few: Hassan Bergamoon is one of the oldest tanbura players, along with El Araby Jackamo, and Emam Abo Samra considered Zar Masters. 2- Egyptian Zar, performed by women, is also disappearing and its practitioners are few: they include El Sheikha Zeinab, Raysa Shadya, and the two percussionists (drums, rattles and tambourine), Magda and Wiza, all Zar Masters. 3- Abul Gheit Zar brings in the Sufi element. Its main instrument is the kawala. (end-blown flute). The Abul Gheit Dervishes perform under the direction of Rayes Ahmed El Shankahawy. The Zar Masters band is comprised of some of the few remaining Egyptian and Sudanese Zar performers (some of them are members of Rango band), playing the Tanbura, the Toza ( small 2 sides percussion) The Mangour, a wide belt of goat hooves worn around the hips), the Marakesh (hand-held rattles) and the Tambourineالعربية: حول الأصل التاريخي للزار يقول الفنان زكريا إبراهيم مؤسس مركز المصطبة إن كثيرا من شعوب العالم عرفت أشكالا متنوعة من العلاج بالموسيقى ، فمثلا في جنوب إيطاليا يسمى هذا النوع من العلاج "ترانتلا"ويعتمد على آلة الكمنجة كآلة رئيسية ، أما في المغرب فيطلق عليه الجناوة وآلته الأساسية "الجمبري"، وهو في موضوعاته وطقوسه لا يختلف كثيرا عن الزار السوداني فكلاهما يستخدم نفس السلم الموسيقي الخماسي،كما تتشابه الإيقاعات لدى كل منهما ، ويعتقد أن الزار بدأ وجوده في مصر خلال النصف الأول من القرن التاسع عشر بعد فتح السودان في عهد محمد علي 1820م ويوجد 3 انواع من الزار في مصر.
الأول هو الزار السوداني وهو وثيق الصلة بالزار الحبشي الذي إنتشر في القاهرة والاسكندرية ومدن القناة الثلاثة، ثم أخذ في التراجع ويعتمد على آلة الطنبورة التقليدية ، غير أن عازفيها الآن أقل من أصابع اليد الواحدة وأكبرهم سنا حسن برجمون والعربي جاكمو أعضاء فرقة "أسياد الزار". والثاني هو الزار المصري وتقوم به النساء وهو أيضا في حالة إنحسار وتقلص عدد العاملين فيه وآخرهن الشيخة زينب والريسه شادية والطبالتان ماجدة ووزة وهن جميعا أعضاء في فرقة أسياد الزار ويستحدمن آلة المزهر "الدف". والثالث هو زار أبو الغيط ذو الخلفية الصوفية وآلته الرئيسية "الكولة" وهو ما تؤديه فرقة دراويش أبو الغيط بقيادة الريس أحمد الشنكحاوي. وأوضح الريس زكريا أن فرقة أسياد الزار الآن تضم نخبة من آواخر عازفي الزار السواداني والزار المصري بعضهم أعضاء في فرقة "الرانجو" أيضا يعزفون على الطنبورة والتوزه والمانجور والمراكش وبالطبع المزهر"الدف".Igbo: Asyad El Zar (Zar Masters)
Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ gburugburu ụwa maara ọtụtụ ụzọ iji egwu gwọọ ọrịa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ndịda Italy, ha nwere "Tarantella" nke nwere violin dị ka ngwá ọrụ bụ isi, ebe na Morocco, a na-akpọ ya "Genawa", ngwá ọrụ ya bụ gembry (ngwa a na-adọpụ). Egwu ndị a yiri nke isiokwu na emume na Sudan "Zar" ma ha abụọ na-eji otu ihe atụ Pentatonic na rhythms yiri ya. Ekwenyere na Zar dị na Egypt kemgbe ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke 19 ka emepechara Sudan na oge Mohamed Ali na 1820. Enwere ụdị Zar atọ: 1-Sudanese Zar, nke metụtara Etiopia Zar bụ nke ama ama na Cairo, Alexandria na obodo Canal, mana mgbe ahụ, enweghị ewu ewu. Ngwá ọrụ ya bụ tanbura (simsimia / lyre nke ukwuu), na ndị na-egwu egwu na-egwu ya dị ole na ole: Hassan Bergamoon bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu tanbura kacha ochie, yana El Araby Jackamo, na Emam Abo Samra weere Zar Masters. 2- Egypt Zar, nke ụmụ nwanyị na-eme, na-apụkwa n'anya ma ndị na-eme ya dị ole na ole: ha gụnyere El Sheikha Zeinab, Raysa Shadya, na ndị na-agba egwú abụọ (drum, rattles and tambourine), Magda na Wiza, niile Zar Masters. 3- Abul Gheit Zar na-eweta ihe Sufi. Ngwá ọrụ ya bụ kawala. (ọjà na-afụ ọgwụgwụ). Ndị Abul Gheit Dervishes na-eme n'okpuru nduzi nke Rayes Ahmed El Shankahawy.Ndị otu Zar Masters gụnyere ụfọdụ ndị Ijipt na ndị Sudanese Zar fọdụrụnụ (ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị otu Rango band), na-egwu Tanbura, Toza (obere akụkụ 2) The Mangour, eriri ukwu ewu ewu na-eyi. gburugburu hips), Marakesh (ọgbụgbọ ejiri aka) na Tambourine
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Date | |||
Source | Own work | ||
Author | Ahmed Emad H |
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