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The constant political turmoil that Bolivia has experienced throughout its history has slowed the development of Bolivian literature. Many talents have had to emigrate or were silenced by the internal conflict. In recent years the literature of Bolivia has been in a process of growth, with the appearance of new writers. Older writers such as Adela Zamudio, Oscar Alfaro, and Franz Tamayo continue to be important.

Nearly half of Bolivia's population speaks indigenous languages such as Quechua, Aymara or Guarani. The indigenous peoples of Bolivia have a rich oral tradition, as expressed in myths, legends, and stories; these stories generally have not been transcribed in writing.

Notable Bolivian writers include:

In 2004, a book-length survey of the best Bolivian novels was published. It attempted to identify the top 10 novels in Bolivian literature, winnowing them down from a longer list of 91 novels. The study was done by Carlos D. Mesa Gilbert. Below is the list of top 30 novels as identified in the book.^[1] 1. Juan de la Rosa (1909) by Nataniel Aguirre 2. Raza de Bronce (1919) by Alcides Arguedas 3. La Chaskanawi (1947) by Carlos Medinaceli 4. Los deshabitados (1959) by Marcelo Quiroga 5. Aluvion de fuego (1935) by Oscar Cerruto 6. Metal del diablo (1946) by Augusto Cespedes 7. Matias el apostol suplente (1971) by Julio de la Vega 8. Manchay Puytu (1977) by Nestor Taboada Teran 9. Felipe Delgado (1979) by Jaime Saenz 10. Tierras hechizadas (1932) by Adolfo Costa du Reis 11. La candidatura de Rojas (1909) by Armando Chirveches 12. Tirinea (1969) by Jesus Urzagasti 13. Los fundadores del alba (1969) by Renato Prada Oropeza 14. En las tierras del Potosi (1911) by Jaime Mendoza 15. Yanakuna (1952) by Jesus Lara 16. Socavones de angustia (1947) by Fernando Ramirez Valverde 17. Altiplano (1945) by Raul Botelho Gozalvez 18. La casa solariega (1916) by Armando Chirveches 19. La nina de sus ojos (1948) by Antonio Diaz Villamil 20. La sima fecunda (1933) by Augusto Guzman 21. Los Andes no creen en Dios (1973) by Adolfo Costa du Reis 22. Mallku (1974) by Gaston Suarez 23. El signo escalonado (1975) by Nestor Taboada Teran 24. Historia de la Villa Imperial (1736) by Bartolome Arzans 25. Su excelencia y su ilustrisima (1889) by Santiago Vaca Guzman 26. Paginas barbaras (1914) by Jaime Mendoza 27. Sangre de mestizos (1936) by Augusto Cespedes 28. Repete (1937) by Jesus Lara 29. Prisionero de guerra (1938) by Augusto Guzman 30. Mateo Montemayor (1969) by Fernando Diez de Medina

• Elizabeth Monasterios: "Chapter 42 La Paz- Chukiyawu Marka" in: Literary Cultures of Latin America. A comparative History, ed. by Mario J. Valdés and Djelal Kadir, Volume II: Institutional Modes and Cultural Modalities, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, pp. 474–497

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