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King of the Mountains

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King of the Mountains / Queen of the Mountains
A polkadot cycling jersey worn by Queen of the Mountains: Alison Jackson
SportRoad bicycle racing
Competition
Awarded forClimbing specialists
Local name
  • Le Roi des montagnes (French)
  • Gran Premio della Montagna (Italian)
  • Gran Premio de la montaña (Spanish)

The King of the Mountains (KoM) is an award given to the best climbing specialist in a men's cycling road race; in women's cycle racing, Queen of the Mountains (QoM) is used.

While the title may be given to the rider who achieves the highest position over several designated climbs in a single-day road race, it is more usually applied to stage races (for example, the Grand Tours, Tour de France, Giro d'Italia, Vuelta a España) where points are accumulated over the duration of the whole race.

In the Tour de France, where it is officially known as the Mountains classification, at the top of each significant climb, points are awarded to the riders who are first over the top. The climbs are categorised from 1 (most difficult) to 4 (least difficult) based on their steepness and length. A fifth category, called Hors catégorie (outside category) applies to mountains rated even more severe than first category. Similar ratings apply to climbs in the other major Tours.

In the Tour de France, the leader in the mountains competition wears a distinctive polka dot jersey (French: maillot à pois rouges). Although the King of the Mountains was first recognised in the 1933 Tour de France, the distinctive jersey was not introduced until 1975. In the Giro, the King of the Mountains leader wore a green jersey until 2011; in 2012, the jersey changed to blue at the behest of the corporate sponsor of the mountains classification. In the Vuelta several jersey designs have been used, but since 2010 it has been white with blue polka dots.

Additionally, King of the Mountains (KoM) can also apply to the highest ranked user in certain activities tracked by applications such as Strava.[1]

Mountains classification winners of the Grand Tours

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Winners by year

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Legend
Rider also won General classification
Rider also won General and Points classification
Rider also won General and Young Rider classification
Rider also won Young Rider classification
Year[2] Giro d'Italia Tour de France Vuelta a España
1933  Alfredo Binda (ITA) (1/1)  Vicente Trueba (ESP) (1/1) Race not held
1934  Remo Bertoni (ITA) (1/1)  René Vietto (FRA) (1/1)
1935  Gino Bartali (ITA) (1/9)  Félicien Vervaecke (BEL) (1/2)  Edoardo Molinar (ITA) (1/1)
1936  Gino Bartali (ITA) (2/9)  Julián Berrendero (ESP) (1/3)  Salvador Molina (ESP) (1/1)
1937  Gino Bartali (ITA) (3/9)  Félicien Vervaecke (BEL) (2/2) Race not held
1938  Giovanni Valetti (ITA) (1/1)  Gino Bartali (ITA) (4/9)
1939  Gino Bartali (ITA) (5/9)  Sylvere Maes (BEL) (1/1)
1940  Gino Bartali (ITA) (6/9) Race not held
1941 Race not held  Fermín Trueba (ESP) (1/1)
1942  Julián Berrendero (ESP) (2/3)
1943 Race not held
1944
1945  Julián Berrendero (ESP) (3/3)
1946  Gino Bartali (ITA) (7/9)  Emilio Rodríguez (ESP) (1/3)
1947  Gino Bartali (ITA) (8/9)  Pierre Brambilla (ITA) (1/1)  Emilio Rodríguez (ESP) (2/3)
1948  Fausto Coppi (ITA) (1/5)  Gino Bartali (ITA) (9/9)  Bernardo Ruiz (ESP) (1/1)
1949  Fausto Coppi (ITA) (2/5)  Fausto Coppi (ITA) (3/5) Race not held
1950  Hugo Koblet (SUI) (1/1)  Louison Bobet (FRA) (1/2)  Emilio Rodríguez (ESP) (3/3)
1951  Louison Bobet (FRA) (2/2)  Raphaël Géminiani (FRA) (1/3) Race not held
1952  Raphaël Géminiani (FRA) (2/3)  Fausto Coppi (ITA) (4/5)
1953  Pasquale Fornara (ITA) (1/1)  Jesús Loroño (ESP) (1/1)
1954  Fausto Coppi (ITA) (5/5)  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) (1/9)
1955  Gastone Nencini (ITA) (1/2)  Charly Gaul (LUX) (1/4)  Giuseppe Buratti (ITA) (1/1)
1956  Charly Gaul (LUX) (2/4)  Charly Gaul (LUX) (3/4)  Nino Defilippis (ITA) (1/1)
 Federico Bahamontes (ESP) (2/9)
1957  Raphaël Géminiani (FRA) (3/3)  Gastone Nencini (ITA) (2/2)  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) (3/9)
1958  Jean Brankart (BEL) (1/1)  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) (5/9)  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) (4/9)
1959  Charly Gaul (LUX) (4/4)  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) (6/9)  Antonio Suárez (ESP) (1/1)
1960  Rik Van Looy (BEL) (1/1)  Imerio Massignan (ITA) (1/2)  Antonio Karmany (ESP) (1/3)
1961  Vito Taccone (ITA) (1/2)  Imerio Massignan (ITA) (2/2)  Antonio Karmany (ESP) (2/3)
1962  Angelino Soler (ESP) (1/1)  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) (7/9)  Antonio Karmany (ESP) (3/3)
1963  Vito Taccone (ITA) (2/2)  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) (8/9)  Julio Jiménez (ESP) (1/6)
1964  Franco Bitossi (ITA) (1/3)  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) (9/9)  Julio Jiménez (ESP) (2/6)
1965  Franco Bitossi (ITA) (2/3)  Julio Jiménez (ESP) (4/6)  Julio Jiménez (ESP) (3/6)
1966  Franco Bitossi (ITA) (3/3)  Julio Jiménez (ESP) (5/6)  Gregorio San Miguel (ESP) (1/1)
1967  Aurelio Gonzales (ESP) (1/2)  Julio Jiménez (ESP) (6/6)  Mariano Díaz (ESP) (1/1)
1968  Eddy Merckx (BEL) (1/3)  Aurelio Gonzales (ESP) (2/2)  Francisco Gabica (ESP) (1/1)
1969  Claudio Michelotto (ITA) (1/1)  Eddy Merckx (BEL) (2/3)  Luis Ocaña (ESP) (1/1)
1970  Martin Vandenbossche (BEL) (1/1)  Eddy Merckx (BEL) (3/3)  Agustín Tamames (ESP) (1/1)
1971  José Manuel Fuente (ESP) (1/4)  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) (1/8)  Joop Zoetemelk (NED) (1/1)
1972  José Manuel Fuente (ESP) (2/4)  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) (2/8)  José Manuel Fuente (ESP) (1/1)
1973  José Manuel Fuente (ESP) (3/4)  Pedro Torres (ESP) (1/1)  José Luis Abilleira (ESP) (1/2)
1974  José Manuel Fuente (ESP) (4/4)  Domingo Perurena (ESP) (1/1)  José Luis Abilleira (ESP) (2/2)
1975  Francisco Galdós (ESP) (1/1)  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) (3/8)  Andrés Oliva (ESP) (1/5)
 Andrés Oliva (ESP) (2/5)
1976  Andrés Oliva (ESP) (4/5)  Giancarlo Bellini (ITA) (1/1)  Andrés Oliva (ESP) (3/5)
1977  Faustino Fernández Oviés (ESP) (1/1)  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) (4/8)  Pedro Torres (ESP) (1/1)
1978  Ueli Sutter (SUI) (1/1)  Mariano Martínez (FRA) (1/1)  Andrés Oliva (ESP) (5/5)
1979  Claudio Bortolotto (ITA) (1/3)  Giovanni Battaglin (ITA) (1/1)  Felipe Yáñez (ESP) (1/2)
1980  Claudio Bortolotto (ITA) (2/3)  Raymond Martin (FRA) (1/1)  Juan Fernández (ESP) (1/1)
1981  Claudio Bortolotto (ITA) (3/3)  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) (5/8)  José Luis Laguía (ESP) (1/5)
1982  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) (6/8)  Bernard Vallet (FRA) (1/1)  José Luis Laguía (ESP) (2/5)
1983  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) (7/8)  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) (8/8)  José Luis Laguía (ESP) (3/5)
1984  Laurent Fignon (FRA) (1/1)  Robert Millar (GBR) (1/2)  Felipe Yáñez (ESP) (2/2)
1985  José Luis Navarro (ESP) (1/1)  Luis Herrera (COL) (1/5)  José Luis Laguía (ESP) (4/5)
1986  Pedro Muñoz Machín Rodríguez (ESP) (1/1)  Bernard Hinault (FRA) (1/1)  José Luis Laguía (ESP) (5/5)
1987  Robert Millar (GBR) (2/2)  Luis Herrera (COL) (3/5)  Luis Herrera (COL) (2/5)
1988  Andrew Hampsten (USA) (1/1)  Steven Rooks (NED) (1/1)  Álvaro Pino (ESP) (1/1)
1989  Luis Herrera (COL) (4/5)  Gert-Jan Theunisse (NED) (1/1)  Óscar Vargas (COL) (1/1)
1990  Claudio Chiappucci (ITA) (1/5)  Thierry Claveyrolat (FRA) (1/1)  José Martín Farfán (COL) (1/1)
1991  Iñaki Gastón (ESP) (1/1)  Claudio Chiappucci (ITA) (2/5)  Luis Herrera (COL) (5/5)
1992  Claudio Chiappucci (ITA) (3/5)  Claudio Chiappucci (ITA) (4/5)  Carlos Hernández (ESP) (1/1)
1993  Claudio Chiappucci (ITA) (5/5)  Tony Rominger (SUI) (2/3)  Tony Rominger (SUI) (1/3)
1994  Pascal Richard (SUI) (1/1)  Richard Virenque (FRA) (1/7)  Luc Leblanc (FRA) (1/1)
1995  Mariano Piccoli (ITA) (1/2)  Richard Virenque (FRA) (2/7)  Laurent Jalabert (FRA) (1/3)
1996  Mariano Piccoli (ITA) (2/2)  Richard Virenque (FRA) (3/7)  Tony Rominger (SUI) (3/3)
1997  José Jaime González (COL) (1/2)  Richard Virenque (FRA) (4/7)  José María Jiménez (ESP) (1/4)
1998  Marco Pantani (ITA) (1/1)  Christophe Rinero (FRA) (1/1)  José María Jiménez (ESP) (2/4)
1999  José Jaime González (COL) (2/2)  Richard Virenque (FRA) (5/7)  José María Jiménez (ESP) (3/4)
2000  Francesco Casagrande (ITA) (1/1)  Santiago Botero (COL) (1/1)  Carlos Sastre (ESP) (1/2)
2001  Fredy González (COL) (1/2)  Laurent Jalabert (FRA) (2/3)  José María Jiménez (ESP) (4/4)
2002  Julio Perez Cuapio (MEX) (1/1)  Laurent Jalabert (FRA) (3/3)  Aitor Osa (ESP) (1/1)
2003  Fredy González (COL) (2/2)  Richard Virenque (FRA) (6/7)  Félix Cárdenas (COL) (1/2)
2004  Fabian Wegmann (GER) (1/1)  Richard Virenque (FRA) (7/7)  Félix Cárdenas (COL) (2/2)
2005  José Rujano Guillén (VEN) (1/1)  Michael Rasmussen (DEN) (1/2)  Joaquim Rodríguez (ESP) (1/1)
2006  Juan Manuel Gárate (ESP) (1/1)  Michael Rasmussen (DEN) (2/2)  Egoi Martínez (ESP) (1/2)
2007  Leonardo Piepoli (ITA) (1/1)  Mauricio Soler (COL) (1/1)  Denis Menchov (RUS) (1/1)
2008  Emanuele Sella (ITA) (1/1)  Carlos Sastre (ESP)[B] (2/2)  David Moncoutié (FRA) (1/4)
2009  Stefano Garzelli (ITA) (1/2)  Egoi Martínez (ESP)[A] (2/2)  David Moncoutié (FRA) (2/4)
2010  Matthew Lloyd (AUS) (1/1)  Anthony Charteau (FRA) (1/1)  David Moncoutié (FRA) (3/4)
2011  Stefano Garzelli (ITA) (2/2)  Samuel Sánchez (ESP) (1/1)  David Moncoutié (FRA) (4/4)
2012  Matteo Rabottini (ITA) (1/1)  Thomas Voeckler (FRA) (1/1)  Simon Clarke (AUS) (1/1)
2013  Stefano Pirazzi (ITA) (1/1)  Nairo Quintana (COL) (1/1)  Nicolas Edet (FRA) (1/1)
2014  Julián Arredondo (COL) (1/1)  Rafał Majka (POL) (1/2)  Luis León Sánchez (ESP) (1/1)
2015  Giovanni Visconti (ITA) (1/1)  Chris Froome (GBR) (1/2)  Omar Fraile (ESP) (1/2)
2016  Mikel Nieve (ESP) (1/1)  Rafał Majka (POL) (2/2)  Omar Fraile (ESP) (2/2)
2017  Mikel Landa (ESP) (1/1)  Warren Barguil (FRA) (1/1)  Davide Villella (ITA) (1/1)
2018  Chris Froome (GBR) (2/2)  Julian Alaphilippe (FRA) (1/1)  Thomas De Gendt (BEL) (1/1)
2019  Giulio Ciccone (ITA) (1/2)  Romain Bardet (FRA) (1/1)  Geoffrey Bouchard (FRA) (1/2)
2020  Ruben Guerreiro (POR) (1/1)  Tadej Pogačar (SLO) (1/3)  Guillaume Martin (FRA) (1/1)
2021  Geoffrey Bouchard (FRA) (2/2)  Tadej Pogačar (SLO) (2/3)  Michael Storer (AUS) (1/1)
2022  Koen Bouwman (NED) (1/1)  Jonas Vingegaard (DEN) (1/1)  Richard Carapaz (ECU) (1/2)
2023  Thibaut Pinot (FRA) (1/1)  Giulio Ciccone (ITA) (2/2)  Remco Evenepoel (BEL) (1/1)
2024  Tadej Pogačar (SLO) (3/3)  Richard Carapaz (ECU) (2/2)  Jay Vine (AUS) (1/1)
Year Giro d'Italia Tour de France Vuelta a España
Notes

A. a Franco Pellizotti was the Mountains leader but later had his results removed after his biological passport indicated irregular values, but the classification has not been remade yet. Egoi Martínez was ranked second and later declared winner.
B. b Bernhard Kohl was the Mountains leader but later had his results removed after a positive test for MIRCERA and admission to the use of doping. Carlos Sastre was ranked second and later declared winner.[3]

Most wins

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Two riders have won the "King of the Mountains" in the Tour de France six times: Federico Bahamontes (Spain) and Lucien Van Impe (Belgium), while Richard Virenque (France) holds the record with seven wins. Gino Bartali holds the record for the Giro d'Italia, also with seven wins, while José Luis Laguía has won the Vuelta equivalent five times.

Rank Rider Total Giro Tour Vuelta
1 Spain Federico Bahamontes 9 1 (1956) 6 (1954, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1964) 2 (1957, 1958)
Italy Gino Bartali 9 7 (1935, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1946, 1947) 2 (1938, 1948)
3 Belgium Lucien Van Impe 8 2 (1982, 1983) 6 (1971, 1972, 1975, 1977, 1981, 1983)
4 France Richard Virenque 7 7 (1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2004)
5 Spain Julio Jiménez 6 3 (1965, 1966, 1967) 3 (1963, 1964, 1965)
6 Italy Claudio Chiappucci 5 3 (1990, 1992, 1993) 2 (1991, 1992)
Italy Fausto Coppi 5 3 (1948, 1949, 1954) 2 (1949, 1952)
Colombia Luis Herrera 5 1 (1989) 2 (1985, 1987) 1 (1987)
Spain José Luis Laguía 5 5 (1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986)
Spain Andrés Oliva 5 2 (1975, 1976) 3 (1975, 1976, 1978)

Career triples

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No rider has won the "King of the Mountains" in all three Grand Tours in the same year. Only two riders, Federico Bahamontes and Luis Herrera, have won all three competitions in different years.

Rider Total Giro Tour Vuelta
 Federico Bahamontes (ESP) 9 1 (1956) 6 (1954, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1963, 1964) 2 (1957, 1958)
 Luis Herrera (COL) 5 1 (1989) 2 (1985, 1987) 2 (1987, 1991)

Natural doubles

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Ten riders have won two mountains classifications in a single year:

References

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  1. ^ Wynn, Nigel (2017-01-16). "How to take a Strava KOM". cyclingweekly.com. Cycling Weekly. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
  2. ^ Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a España. Gbrathletics.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-13.
  3. ^ Official history of the Tour, see pages 117 and 123 Archived 2009-07-11 at the Wayback Machine