User:Louis.Hight/Epipactis gigantea
Current article intro/summary:
Epipactis gigantea is a species of orchid known as the stream orchid, giant helleborine, and chatterbox. This wildflower is native to western North America from British Columbia to central Mexico.[1] This is one of the most abundant orchids of the Pacific coast of North America.[2]
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Epipactis gigantea is a North American orchid native to a range from British Columbia to central Mexico and from the the west coast of the United States to as far east as Texas.[1] It is known by the common names chatterbox, false lady's slipper, giant helleborine, and stream orchid.[3]
Current description (has no citations but appears to be a word for word copy from calscape.org):
Epipactis gigantea is an erect perennial reaching anywhere from 30 centimeters to one meter in height. Its stems have prominently-veined, wide or narrow lance-shaped leaves 5 to 15 centimeters long and inflorescences of two or three showy orchids near the top. Each flower has three straight sepals which are light brownish or greenish with darker veining, each one to two centimeters long. The two top petals are similar in shape and reddish-brown with purple veins. The lowest petal is cup-shaped with a pointed, tongue-like protuberance and is brighter red-brown and more starkly veined, often with areas of yellow. The fruit is a hanging capsule 2 or 3 centimeters long which contains thousands of tiny seeds. This plant grows in wet areas in a variety of habitats, including riverbanks, hot springs, and meadows at elevations between 2800 and 8000 feet. Unlike some of its relatives, this species is an autotroph. A distinctive race with burgundy colored foliage is known from The Cedars in Sonoma County California, an area of serpentine rock, and it is called forma rubrifolia (P M Brown).
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Description
Epipactis gigantea is a large, rhizomatous orchid that grows between 20 centimeters and one meter in height.[3] It has alternating, oval or spear-shaped leaves[3] that range in color from green to deep red.[4][5] Flowers are sessile with gradient colored petals in various shades of pink[3] to red or burgundy[6] with green tips.[3] The dorsal petal forms a labellum with yellow striations or other markings.[3] The apex of the labellum is cupped and vibrates when perturbed.[3][7]The three sepals are oval and spear-shaped, slightly cupped, and are mostly green with some pigmentation similar to that of the petals.[3] The petals and sepals have veining that is darker than the surrounding tissues.[3][5][6]
Adding distribution, habitat, symbioses, and conservation sections
Distribution
Epipactis gigantea is native to North America and has been documented growing in British Columbia, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and northern Mexico.[3][7] Populations occur sporadically throughout this range near water.[7]
Habitat
Epipactis gigantea requires moisture[3][4] and is found in riparian habitats, along streams, seeps, and in hanging garden habitats.[3][6][7] E. gigantea grows at elevations from sea level to 2600 meters.[3] E. gigantea is frequently found growing in the shade of other plants such as sedges and trees, but it can also grow in full sun in northern habitats.[3][6][7]
Current Article References:
References
- ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Flora of North America, v 26 p 585, Epipactis gigantea
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Coleman, Ronald A. (2002). The Wild Orchids of Arizona and New Mexico. Ithacan New York, the United States of American and London, the United Kingdom: Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press. pp. 70–74. ISBN 0-8014-3950-7.
- ^ a b Coleman, Ronald A. (1995). The Wild Orchids of California. Comstock Pub. Associates. ISBN 978-0-8014-3012-1.
- ^ a b "Stream Orchid, Epipactis gigantea". calscape.org. Retrieved 2023-05-08.
- ^ a b c d Canada, Environment and Climate Change (2016-08-15). "Giant helleborine (Epipactis gigantea): COSEWIC assessment and status report 2015". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2023-05-08.
- ^ a b c d e Rocchio, J., M. March, and D.G. Anderson (March 20, 2006). Epipactis gigantea Dougl. ex Hook.(stream orchid): A Technical Conservation Assessment (PDF). Fort Collins, Colorado. pp. 3–11.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: year (link)
- C.Michael Hogan, ed. 2010. Epipactis gigantea - Encyclopedia of Life
- Jepson Manual Treatment - Epipactis gigantea
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