Later Tang: Difference between revisions
Mehmeett21 (talk | contribs) fuck off you make eweryting chinese |
Mehmeett21 (talk | contribs) rv refernces |
||
| Line 85: | Line 85: | ||
'''Tang''', known in history as '''Later Tang''', was a short-lived imperial [[dynasty]] that lasted from 923 to 936 during the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]] in the [[history of China]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Zurndorfer|first=Harriet T.|title=War in words transformations of war from antiquity to Clausewitz|year=2010|publisher=De Gruyter|location=Berlin|isbn=9783110245424|pages=92|chapter=Efflorence? Another Look at the Role of War in Song Dynasty China}}</ref> |
'''Tang''', known in history as '''Later Tang''', was a short-lived imperial [[dynasty]] that lasted from 923 to 936 during the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period]] in the [[history of China]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Zurndorfer|first=Harriet T.|title=War in words transformations of war from antiquity to Clausewitz|year=2010|publisher=De Gruyter|location=Berlin|isbn=9783110245424|pages=92|chapter=Efflorence? Another Look at the Role of War in Song Dynasty China}}</ref> |
||
The first three of Later Tang's four [[emperor of China|emperor]]s were ethnically [[sinicization|sinicized]] [[Shatuo]],<ref name=http://books.google.se/books?id=SQWW7QgUH4gC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=Imperial+China:+900%E2%80%931800&source=bl&ots=j7zwpy_kAh&sig=S4nTOx01EZ7y3AcabOgF68Ivbh0&hl=sv&sa=X&ei=uJ18VMLSI8bIyAOHloDQCQ&ved=0CHYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Imperial%20China%3A%20900%E2%80%931800&f=false>{{cite book|last1=Mote|first1=Frederick W|title=Imperial China 900-1800|date=2003|pages=12–13}}</ref> The name '''Tang''' was used to legitimize itself as the restorer of the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907). Although Later Tang officially began in 923, the dynasty already existed in the years before, as a polity called '''[[Jin (Five Dynasties)|Jin]]''' (907–923). |
The first three of Later Tang's four [[emperor of China|emperor]]s were ethnically [[sinicization|sinicized]] [[Shatuo]],<ref name=http://books.google.se/books?id=SQWW7QgUH4gC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=Imperial+China:+900%E2%80%931800&source=bl&ots=j7zwpy_kAh&sig=S4nTOx01EZ7y3AcabOgF68Ivbh0&hl=sv&sa=X&ei=uJ18VMLSI8bIyAOHloDQCQ&ved=0CHYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Imperial%20China%3A%20900%E2%80%931800&f=false>{{cite book|last1=Mote|first1=Frederick W|title=Imperial China 900-1800|date=2003|pages=12–13}}</ref> The name '''Tang''' was used to legitimize itself as the restorer of the [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907). Although Later Tang officially began in 923, the dynasty already existed in the years before, as a polity called '''[[Jin (Five Dynasties)|Jin]]''' (907–923). |
||
At its height, Later Tang controlled most of northern China. |
At its height, Later Tang controlled most of northern China. |
||
Revision as of 16:42, 19 March 2015
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2008) |
Tang 唐 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 923–937 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Daming (923) Luoyang (923–936) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Chinese | ||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||||||||
| Emperor | |||||||||||||||||||
• 923–926 | Li Cunxu (Zhuangzong) | ||||||||||||||||||
• 926–933 | Li Siyuan (Mingzong) | ||||||||||||||||||
• 933–934 | Li Conghou | ||||||||||||||||||
• 934–936 | Li Congke | ||||||||||||||||||
| Historical era | Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period | ||||||||||||||||||
• Established in Daming | May 923 | ||||||||||||||||||
• Overthrown by Khitan and Shi Jingtang | January 11, 937 | ||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| Today part of |  China | ||||||||||||||||||
The preceding entity of the Later Tang was the State of Jin, which was established by Li Keyong in 895 under the Tang Dynasty and existed as a state in 907–923. | |||||||||||||||||||
Tang, known in history as Later Tang, was a short-lived imperial dynasty that lasted from 923 to 936 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in the history of China.[1]
The first three of Later Tang's four emperors were ethnically sinicized Shatuo,[2][3] The name Tang was used to legitimize itself as the restorer of the Tang dynasty (618–907). Although Later Tang officially began in 923, the dynasty already existed in the years before, as a polity called Jin (907–923).
At its height, Later Tang controlled most of northern China.
Formation of the Later Tang
From the fall of the Tang Dynasty in 907, a rivalry had developed between the successor Later Liang, formed by Zhu Wen, and the State of Jin, formed by Li Keyong, in present-day Shanxi. The rivalry survived the death of Li Keyong, whose son Li Cunxu continued to expand Jin territories at the expense of the Later Liang.
Li Keyong forged an alliance with the powerful Khitan, like the Shatuo a people of the northern steppe, a relationship that figured significantly in the expansion and ultimate triumph of the Shatuo. Li Cunxu was successful in overthrowing the Later Liang in 923 and proclaimed himself emperor of the Later Tang, which he referred to as the “Restored Tang”. As a part of “restoring the Tang”, the capital was moved back to the old Tang eastern seat of Luoyang.
Course of the Later Tang
The Later Tang was a short-lived regime, lasting only thirteen years. Li Cunxu himself lived only three years after the founding of the dynasty, having been killed during an officer’s rebellion in 926. Li Siyuan, the adopted son of Li Keyong, took over the dynasty, but relations with the Khitan had fallen sour. Internal struggles typified the remaining ten years of the dynasty, ending with its toppling in 936 when Shi Jingtang, son-in-law of Li Siyuan and a fellow Shatuo, rebelled, stormed the capital with the help of Khitan troops, and founded the Later Jin.
Extent of Later Tang territories
The Later Tang controlled considerably more territory at its height than did the Later Liang. It extended to all the northern territories controlled by the Later Liang as well as its own base in Shanxi. It also had control over the areas around Beijing and Shaanxi, which were not entirely under the control of the Later Liang. The largest expansion of the Later Tang occurred in 925 when they conquered the Former Shu State, centered in present-day Sichuan. However, as Later Tang power was waning, a Later Shu state formed in 934, a year before the fall of the Later Tang.
Rulers of the Later Tang
| Temple names | Posthumous names | Family names and given name | Chinese naming conventions | Durations of reigns | Era names and their according durations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhuāngzōng (莊宗) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Lǐ Cúnxù (李存勗) | Family name and given name | 923–926 | Tóngguāng (同光) 923–926 |
| Míngzōng (明宗) | too tedious; thus, not used when referring to this sovereign | Lǐ Sìyuán (李嗣源) or Lǐ Dǎn (李亶) | Family name and given name | 926–933 | Tiānchéng (天成) 926–930 Chángxīng (長興) 930–933 |
| did not exist | Mǐn (閔) | Lǐ Cónghòu (李從厚) | Family name and given name | 933–934 | Yìngshùn (應順) 933–934 |
| did not exist | Mòdì (末帝) | Lǐ Cóngkē (李從珂) | Family name and given name | 934–937 | Qīngtaì (清泰) 934–937 |
Later Tang and Later Jin rulers family tree
| adopted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LATER TANG | Marriage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Li Keyong 李克用 856–908 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Li Cunxu 李存勖 885–926 Zhuangzong 莊宗 923–926 | Li Siyuan 李嗣源 867–933 Mingzong 明宗 926–933 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LATER JIN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shi Shaoyong 石紹雍 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Li Congke 李從珂 885–937 Modi 末帝 934–937 | Li Conghou 李從厚 914–934 Mindi 愍帝 933–934 | Empress Li d. 950 | Shi Jingtang 石敬瑭 892–942 Gaozu 高祖 936–942 | Shi Jingru 石敬儒 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shi Chonggui 石重貴 914–974 Chudi 出帝 942–947 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ^ Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (2010). "Efflorence? Another Look at the Role of War in Song Dynasty China". War in words transformations of war from antiquity to Clausewitz. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 92. ISBN 9783110245424.
- ^ Lorge, Peter Allan (2012). Chinese Martial Arts: From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. p. 115.
- ^ Mote, Frederick W (2003). Imperial China 900-1800. pp. 12–13.
- Mote, F.W. (1999). Imperial China: 900-1800. Harvard University Press.