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Comparative Study
. 2012 Nov;146(3):251-60.
doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01639.x. Epub 2012 Jun 6.

A new optical leaf-clip meter for simultaneous non-destructive assessment of leaf chlorophyll and epidermal flavonoids

Zoran G Cerovic  1 , Guillaume Masdoumier, Naïma Ben Ghozlen, Gwendal Latouche
Affiliations
Free PMC article
Comparative Study

A new optical leaf-clip meter for simultaneous non-destructive assessment of leaf chlorophyll and epidermal flavonoids

Zoran G Cerovic et al. Physiol Plant. 2012 Nov.
Free PMC article

Abstract

We have characterized a new commercial chlorophyll (Chl) and flavonoid (Flav) meter called Dualex 4 Scientific (Dx4). We compared this device to two other Chl meters, the SPAD-502 and the CCM-200. In addition, Dx4 was compared to the leaf-clip Dualex 3 that measures only epidermal Flav. Dx4 is factory-calibrated to provide a linear response to increasing leaf Chl content in units of µg cm(-2), as opposed to both SPAD-502 and CCM-200 that have a non-linear response to leaf Chl content. Our comparative calibration by Chl extraction confirmed these responses. It seems that the linear response of Dx4 derives from the use of 710 nm as the sampling wavelength for transmittance. The major advantage of Dx4 is its simultaneous assessment of Chl and Flav on the same leaf spot. This allows the generation of the nitrogen balance index (NBI) used for crop surveys and nitrogen nutrition management. The Dx4 leaf clip, that incorporates a GPS receiver, can be useful for non-destructive estimation of leaf Chl and Flav contents for ecophysiological research and ground truthing of remote sensing of vegetation. In this work, we also propose a consensus equation for the transformation of SPAD units into leaf Chl content, for general use.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Leaf-clip sensors used in this study. From left to right: Dualex 4 Scientific, SPAD-502 and CCM-200.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Comparison of the flavonoid meter function of Dualex 4 Scientific to the Dualex 3. Adaxial and abaxial sides of grapevine leaves were measured with the two devices, and a linear model was fitted. RMSE and SEPC are indicated in the graph along with the coefficient values of the model with their ±95% confidence intervals.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Calibration of the three sensors against the chlorophyll extracts. Dicot plants are indicated with open symbols and monocots with closed symbols. All dicot leaves came from the field and monocot leaves were either from greenhouse (GH) grown plants or from the field. Fits for global models encompassing all data points are plotted along with the fits for the dicot and monocot plants independently: for Dualex linear (a + bx), for SPAD homographic ((ax)/(b – x)) and for CCM exponential (a + becx); P < 0.0001 for all models. Coefficients of the models are presented in Table 2.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Comparison of the calibration models for SPAD-502 available in the literature. All data were adjusted to common units for Chl in µg cm–2. The functions for the eight models plotted on the graph from which the consensus equation was derived were: y = 0.09 10(x∧0.265)(Markwell et al. 1995); y = 0.552 + 0.404x + 0.0125 x2 (Richardson et al. 2002); y = 93.6 – 11.9 √ (62 – x) (Cartelat et al. 2005); y = 6.91 e(0.0459x) (Uddling et al. 2007); y = 6.205 e(0.0408x) (Marenco et al. 2009); y = (117.1x)/(148.84 – x) (Coste et al. 2010) y = 0.9 (0.381 + 0.4119x + 0.0105x2) (Ling et al. 2011a, 2011b); y = (138x)/(185 – x) (present paper).
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