Peninsula campaign order of battle: Confederate
The following Confederate Army units and commanders were the initial structure on April 30, 1862 of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the Peninsula campaign of the American Civil War. It contains units throughout Virginia that influenced the campaign.[1] The Union order of battle is listed separately.
Abbreviations used
[edit]Military rank
[edit]- Gen = General
- MG = Major General
- BG = Brigadier General
- Col = Colonel
- Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel
- Maj = Major
- Cpt = Captain
- Lt = Lieutenant
Army of Northern Virginia
[edit]
The following organization of the Army of Northern Virginia on the Peninsula was established on April 30. Prior to this organization, Confederate forces were organized ad hoc, as they arrived in theater. The divisions were grouped by their place in the Warwick Line.
Gen Joseph E. Johnston, Commanding
Maj Thomas G. Rhett, Adjutant and Chief of Staff
Staff:
- Maj A. Pendleton Mason, Assistant Adjutant
- Ltc Walter H. Stevens, Chief Engineer
- Maj E. Porter Alexander, Chief of Ordnance
- Maj Archibald H. Cole, Quartermaster
- Maj Robert G. Cole, Chief Commissary
- Dr. Samuel Choppin, Chief Surgeon
- Lt James B. Washington, aide-de-camp
Right of Position (Army of the Peninsula)
[edit]Even after its absorption into the Army of Northern Virginia, Magruder continued to style his command the "Army of the Peninsula." It was assigned responsibility for the section of the line from the James River to Dam No. 1.
MG John B. Magruder, Commanding
Cpt Henry Bryan, Adjutant
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and others |
|---|---|---|
|
McLaws' Division |
McLaws' Brigade |
|
| Griffith's Brigade |
| |
| Kershaw's Brigade |
| |
| Cobb's Brigade
|
| |
| Reserves |
| |
|
Toombs' Division |
Toombs' Brigade |
|
| Jones' Brigade
|
| |
| Forces at Wiliamsburg |
|
Both brigades of Toombs' Division and Griffith's Brigade and Kershaw's Brigade from McLaws' Division were old Army of the Potomac units that had been transferred to reinforce the Warwick Line. Magruder had organized his army only in two very large divisions under McLaws and Rains, and several additional regional commands. Upon the arrival of Johnston, he reorganized the divisions into four brigades, two of which, Cobb's and McLaws', remained under his direct command. The reserve brigade and forces at Williamsburg are both also from the old Army of the Peninsula. The 17th Mississippi was stationed at Leesburg and the 24th Georgia in Goldsboro, until they became early reinforcements for Magruder.
Center of Position
[edit]The center was the area between Dam No. 1 and Redoubts 4 and 5 outside Yorktown
MG James Longstreet, Commanding
Cpt Moxley Sorrel, Adjutant
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and others |
|---|---|---|
|
Longstreet's Division |
Hill's Brigade
|
|
| Anderson's Brigade |
| |
| Colston's Brigade |
| |
| Pickett's Brigade |
| |
| Wilcox's Brigade |
| |
| Pryor's Brigade
|
|
Colston's Brigade was the First Brigade of the Department of Norfolk, then briefly served as part of the Army of the Peninsula, before being transferred to Longstreet's command at the end of April. Pryor's Brigade was a new organization, made up of troops from the old Army of the Peninsula plus the 14th Alabama, detached from the Department of Aquia in the winter to recover from disease in Richmond. The other brigades are from the old Army of the Potomac.
Left of Position
[edit]The responsibility of the left was at Yorktown, extending to Redoubts 4 and 5. Rains' Brigade was stationed within Yorktown itself, giving him direct command over the defensive batteries present there.
MG Daniel Harvey Hill, Commanding
Cpt James W. Ratchford, Adjutant
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and others |
|---|---|---|
|
Early's Division
|
Early's Brigade
|
|
| Rodes' Brigade
|
| |
| Detached
|
| |
|
Rains' Division |
Rains' Brigade |
|
| Featherston's Brigade |
| |
| Units on Glouscester Point
|
|
Rains' Brigade, the reserve detachment for Early's Division, and the units at Glouscester Point were all part of the old Army of the Peninsula. Early's, Rodes', and Featherston's Brigades were from the old Army of the Potomac.
Reserve
[edit]The reserve consisted of troops from the District of Aquia, which Smith had assumed command of from Theophilus Holmes on March 23. Smith left a single brigade under Charles W. Field in the District and brought the rest to the Peninsula.
MG Gustavus W. Smith, commanding
Cpt John W. Riely, adjutant
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and others |
|---|---|---|
|
Whiting's Division |
Whiting's Brigade
|
|
| Hood's Brigade
BG John B. Hood |
| |
| Hampton's Brigade
|
| |
|
Directly commanded by Smith |
Anderson's Brigade |
|
| Pettigrew's Brigade |
|
Cavalry and artillery reserves
[edit]| Type | Brigade | Regiments and others |
|---|---|---|
| Cavalry | Cavalry Brigade |
|
|
Artillery |
Pendleton's Corps |
|
| Washington Artillery Battalion
|
|
Other troops in the Department of Northern Virginia
[edit]These troops helped shape the theater for the Peninsula campaign.
Huger's division (Department of Norfolk)
[edit]The bulk of troops from the Department of Norfolk were formally folded into the Department of Northern Virginia at the beginning of April, but Huger continued to refer to his command by its former name.
BG Benjamin Huger, commanding
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and others |
|---|---|---|
|
Huger's Division |
Second Brigade |
|
| Third Brigade |
| |
| Fourth Brigade |
| |
| Detached or Unbrigaded |
|
Huger had not completed brigading his regiments at the beginning of the campaign. Additionally, significant portions of what would become Armistead's Brigade and Blanchard's Brigade were out of theater in Richmond or North Carolina. The 12th North Carolina would be detached to join a brigade fresh from North Carolina under Lawrence O'Bryan Branch for an aborted attempt to reinforce Jackson in the Valley. They would instead be moved to outside Richmond where they would take part in the Battle of Hanover Court-House.
Aquia District
[edit]MG Gustavus W. Smith, Commanding
(absent with the Army of Northern Virginia)
| Brigade | Regiments and others |
|---|---|
| Field's Brigade |
|
Troops around Gordonsville
[edit]Johnston had detached Ewell to maintain communication with Jackson. Ewell nominally reported to D.H. Hill, but was actually operating semi-independently. On May 17, Johnston would transfer the division to the Valley District under Jackson.
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and others |
|---|---|---|
|
Ewell's Division |
Fourth Brigade
|
|
| Seventh Brigade |
| |
| Eighth Brigade |
| |
| Cavalry |
District of the Valley
[edit]MG Stonewall Jackson, Commanding
Maj Robert L. Dabney, Adjutant
Staff:
- Lt A.S. "Sandie" Pendleton, Assistant Adjutant General
- Maj Abner Smead, Inspector General
- Maj Daniel Truehart, Chief of Artillery
- Lt James M. Garnett, Ordnance Officer
- Lt James K. Boswell, Engineer
- Mr. Jedediah Hotchkiss, Topographical Engineer
- Maj John A. Harmon, Quartermaster
- Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chief Surgeon
- Maj Wells J. Hawks, Commissary
- Col William Lowther Jackson, aide-de-camp
- Col Charles J. Faulkner, aide-de-camp
- Lt George G. Junkin, aide-de-camp
- Lt Henry Kyd Douglas, aide-de-camp
| Division | Brigade | Regiments and others |
|---|---|---|
|
Jackson's Division |
First Brigade |
|
| Second Brigade
|
| |
| Third Brigade |
| |
| Cavalry
|
|
References
[edit]- Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Joseph E. Johnston, on the Peninsula, about April 30, 1862 The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. United States War Department. Series I, Volume XI, Chapter XXIII, pp. 479–484. (1884)
- Organization of the Troops of the Department of the Peninsula, commanded by Maj. Gen. J. Bankhead Magruder, C.S. Army, January 31, 1862 The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. United States War Department. Series I, Volume IX, Chapter XIX, pp. 37. (1883)
- Cozzens, Peter (2008). Shenandoah 1862: Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. p. 623. ISBN 978-0-8078-3200-4.
- Sears, Stephen W. (2001). To the Gate of Richmond: The Peninsula Campaign. Mariner Books. p. 512. ISBN 0618127135.
- Alexander, Edward Porter (1989). Gary W. Gallagher (ed.). Fighting for the Confederacy: The Personal Recollections of General Edward Porter Alexander. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 72–73. ISBN 978-0-8078-4722-0.