Cees Dekker

Cornelis "Cees" Dekker, born in Haren (The Netherlands) in 1959 is a scientist known for his research on carbon nanotubes and molecular biophysics. He has more than 200 publications, including more than 20 papers in Nature and Science.,^[1][2] Four of his group publications have been cited more than 1000 times, 25 papers got cited more than 100 times, and in 2001, his group work was selected as "breakthrough of the year" by the journal Science. Dekker’s research style is characterized by a strong drive and enthusiasm for science, longterm vision, and experimental research directed at exploring novel phenomena in unknown territories. In recognition of his achievements, Dekker has been elected Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Fellow to the American Physical Society and the Institute of Physics. He was awarded a number of national and international prizes, including the 2001 Agilent Europhysics Prize and the 2003 Spinozapremie. He also was granted an honorary doctorate from Hasselt University, Belgium.

He received a PhD in Experimental Physics at the University of Utrecht in 1988. From 1988 to 1993 Dekker was University Lecturer at the University of Utrecht; in these years he also worked in the United States as Visiting Researcher at IBM Research. It was during this period that Dekker carried out research at the University of Utrecht and at IBM on magnetic spin systems and on noise in superconductors and semiconductors. In 1993 he was appointed as Associate Professor at Delft University of Technology. At the end of the 90s Dekker and his team achieved success with the discovery of the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes, the first single-molecule transistor and applied nanoscience. In 1999 he was appointed to the Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Professorship, a chair for outstanding young scientists. In 2000, he was appointed in a regular full professorship in Molecular Biophysics at the Faculty of Applied Sciences. In 2007, he was appointed as a Distinguished University Professor at Delft.^[3] Since 2010, he is the Chair of a new Department of Bionanoscience at the Delft University as well as the Director of the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience at Delft.

Dekker is a Christian and active in the discussion about the relationship between science and religion, a topic on which he co-edited several books.^[4] Although Dekker was involved in discussions around Intelligent Design in the Netherlands around 2005, he has since clearly distanced himself from this movement.^[5] Dekker advocates that science and religion are not in opposition but can be harmonized. He wrote the foreword to the Dutch translation of ‘The Language of God' by Francis Collins, the current director of the National Institutes of Health. Like Collins, Dekker is a proponent of theistic evolution. He is actively debating creationists in the Netherlands.^[6]

Dekker started his research on single carbon nanotubes in 1993 when he set up a new line of research to study electrical transport through single organic molecules between nanoelectrodes. In 1996 a breakthrough was realized with carbon nanotubes. This was achieved in a collaboration with the group of Nobel laureate Richard Smalley. STM and nanolithography techniques were used to demonstrate that these nanotubes are quantum wires at the single-molecule level, with outstanding physical properties. Many new phenomena were discovered, and he and his research group established a leading position in this field of research. Dekker and his research group discovered new physics of nanotubes as well as explored the feasibility of molecular electronics. In 1998, they were the first to build a transistor based on a single nanotube molecule.

Since 2001, Dekker has shifted the main focus of his work towards biophysics where he studies the properties of single biomolecules and cells using the tools of nanotechnology. This change of field was driven by his fascination for the remarkable functioning of biological molecular structures, as well as by the long-term perspective that many interesting discoveries can be expected in this field.^[7] Current lines of research in his biophysics group are in the areas of:^[8]

• Solid state nanopores

• Physics of chromatin maintenance

• Biophysics and evolution of bacteria

• 1988, first realization of a model two-dimensional spin glass and verification of its dynamics

• 1990, first measurement of quantum size effect in the noise of quantum point contacts

• 1991, demonstration of a new vortex-glass phase in high-temperature superconductors

• 1996, first mesoscopic charge density waves devices

• 1996, first electrical measurements on a single metal nanocluster between nanoelectrodes

• 1997, discovery that carbon nanotubes behave as quantum coherent molecular wires

• 1998, discovery that carbon nanotubes act as chirality-dependent.semiconductors or metals

• 1998, discovery of room-temperature transistors, made from a single nanotube molecule

• 1999, first measurement of the wavefunction of single molecular orbitals of carbon nanotubes

• 1999, discovery of kink heterojunctions of carbon nanotubes which gave decisive evidence for a new Luttinger description of interacting electrons in nanotubes

• 2000, discovery that nanotubes can carry extraordinary large current densities

• 2000, resolved the controversial issue of electronic transport through DNA molecules by measurements of insulating behavior at the single molecule level

• 2000, demonstration of an AFM technique for single-molecule manipulation of nanotubes

• 2001, discovery of single-electron transistors at room temperature based on nanotubes

• 2001, realization of first logic circuits with carbon nanotube devices

• 2001, discovery of the molecular structure of DNA repair enzymes with AFM

• 2002, exploration of new assembly routes with carbon nanotubes functionalized with DNA

• 2003, demonstrated the first biosensors made out of a carbon nanotube

• 2003, resolved the structure and mechanism of DNA repair proteins

• 2003, discovery of a new technique for fabricating solid-state nanopores for DNA translocation

• 2004, discovery of new physics in translocation of DNA through nanopores

• 2004, first experimental study of ions conduction in nanofluidic channels

• 2004, first electrochemistry with individual single-wall carbon nanotubes

• 2004, STM detection and control of phonons in carbon nanotubes

• 2004, first electrical docking of microtubules on kinesin-coated nanostructures

• 2004, first biophysics characterization of the mechanical properties of double-stranded RNA

• 2004, first single-molecule study of DNA translocation by a restriction-modification enzyme

• 2005, discovery of the mechanism of DNA uncoiling by topoisomerase enzymes

• 2005, discovery of long-range conformational changes in Mre11/DNA repair complexes

• 2005, first force measurements on a DNA molecule in a nanopore

• 2006, first demonstration of molecular sorting in a lab on a chip using biomotors

• 2006, discovery of nanobubbles in solid-state nanopores

• 2006, first estimate of electrokinetic energy conversion in a nanofluidic channel

• 2007, first real-time detection of strand exchange in homologous recombination by RecA

• 2007, discovery of a low persistence length of ends of microtubules

• 2007, resolved the mechanism of biosensing with carbon nanotubes

• 2008, first observation of protein-coated DNA translocation through nanopores

• 2008, resolved the origin of the electrophoretic force on DNA in nanopores

• 2008, discovered a significant velocity increase of microtubules in electric fields

• 2008, discovered an anomalous electro-hydrodynamic orientation of microtubules

• 2008, resolved the origin of noise in carbon nanotubes in liquid

• 2009, discovery of a new phenotype for bacteria in narrow slits

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