Group (periodic table): Difference between revisions
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* [[Group 6 element|Group 6]] (VIA,VIB): the [[chromium family]] |
* [[Group 6 element|Group 6]] (VIA,VIB): the [[chromium family]] |
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* [[Group 7 element|Group 7]] (VIIA,VIIB): the [[manganese family]] |
* [[Group 7 element|Group 7]] (VIIA,VIIB): the [[manganese family]] |
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* [[Group 8 element|Group 8]] (VIII): the [[iron family]] |
* [[Group 8 element|Group 8]] (VIII): the [[iron family]] |
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* [[Group 9 element|Group 9]] (VIII): the [[cobalt family]] |
* [[Group 9 element|Group 9]] (VIII): the [[cobalt family]] |
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* [[Group 10 element|Group 10]] (VIII): the [[nickel family]] |
* [[Group 10 element|Group 10]] (VIII): the [[nickel family]] |
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* [[Group 11 element|Group 11]] (IB,IB): the [[coinage metal]]s (not an [[IUPAC]]-recommended name) or [[copper family]] |
* [[Group 11 element|Group 11]] (IB,IB): the [[coinage metal]]s (not an [[IUPAC]]-recommended name) or [[copper family]] |
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* [[Group 12 element|Group 12]] (IIB,IIB): the [[zinc family]] |
* [[Group 12 element|Group 12]] (IIB,IIB): the [[zinc family]] |
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* [[Group 17 element|Group 17]] (VIIB,VIIA): the [[halogen]]s or [[fluorine family]] |
* [[Group 17 element|Group 17]] (VIIB,VIIA): the [[halogen]]s or [[fluorine family]] |
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* [[Group 18 element|Group 18]] (Group 0): the [[noble gas]]es or [[helium family (p6)|helium family]]/[[neon family]] |
* [[Group 18 element|Group 18]] (Group 0): the [[noble gas]]es or [[helium family (p6)|helium family]]/[[neon family]] |
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In some cases the [[f-block]] groups are as follows (in the brackets are shown the old system: American): |
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* (IIIC): the [[lanthanum]] family |
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* (IVC): the [[cerium]] family |
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* (VC): the [[praseodymium]] family |
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* (VIC): the [[neodymium]] family |
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* (VIIC): the [[promethium]] family |
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* (VIIIC): the [[samarium]] family |
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* (VIIIC): the [[europium]] family |
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* (VIIIC): the [[gadolinium]] family |
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* (VIIIC): the [[terbium]] family |
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* (VIIIC): the [[dysprosium]] family |
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* (VIIIC): the [[holmium]] family |
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* (VIIIC): the [[erbium]] family |
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* (VIIIC): the [[thulium]] family |
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* (IC): the [[ytterbium]] family |
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* (IIC): the [[lutetium]] family |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 00:21, 12 December 2007
A group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 groups in the standard periodic table.
The modern explanation of the pattern of the periodic table is that the elements in a group have similar configurations of the outermost electron shells of their atoms: as most chemical properties are dominated by the orbital location of the outermost electron. There are three ways of numbering the groups of the periodic table, one using Hindu-Arabic numerals and the other two using Roman numerals. The Roman numeral names are the original traditional names of the groups; the Arabic numeral names are those recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) to replace the old names in an attempt to reduce the confusion generated by the two older, but mutually confusing, schemes.
There is considerable confusion surrounding the two old systems in use (old IUPAC and CAS) that combined the use of Roman numerals with letters. In the old IUPAC system the letters A and B were designated to the left (A) and right (B) part of the table, while in the CAS system the letters A and B were designated to main group elements (A) and transition elements (B). The former system was frequently used in Europe while the latter was most common in America. The new IUPAC scheme was developed to replace both systems as they confusingly used the same names to mean different things.
The periodic table groups are as follows (in the brackets are shown the old systems: European and American):
- Group 1 (IA,IA): the alkali metals or hydrogen family/lithium family
- Group 2 (IIA,IIA): the alkaline earth metals or beryllium family
- Group 3 (IIIA,IIIB): the scandium family
- Group 4 (IVA,IVB): the titanium family
- Group 5 (VA,VB): the vanadium family
- Group 6 (VIA,VIB): the chromium family
- Group 7 (VIIA,VIIB): the manganese family
- Group 8 (VIII, VIIIB): the iron family
- Group 9 (VIII, VIIIB): the cobalt family
- Group 10 (VIII, VIIIB): the nickel family
- Group 11 (IB,IB): the coinage metals (not an IUPAC-recommended name) or copper family
- Group 12 (IIB,IIB): the zinc family
- Group 13 (IIIB,IIIA): the boron family
- Group 14 (IVB,IVA): the carbon family
- Group 15 (VB,VA): the pnictogens (not an IUPAC-recommended name) or nitrogen family
- Group 16 (VIB,VIA): the chalcogens or oxygen family
- Group 17 (VIIB,VIIA): the halogens or fluorine family
- Group 18 (Group 0): the noble gases or helium family/neon family
In some cases the f-block groups are as follows (in the brackets are shown the old system: American):
- (IIIC): the lanthanum family
- (IVC): the cerium family
- (VC): the praseodymium family
- (VIC): the neodymium family
- (VIIC): the promethium family
- (VIIIC): the samarium family
- (VIIIC): the europium family
- (VIIIC): the gadolinium family
- (VIIIC): the terbium family
- (VIIIC): the dysprosium family
- (VIIIC): the holmium family
- (VIIIC): the erbium family
- (VIIIC): the thulium family
- (IC): the ytterbium family
- (IIC): the lutetium family
