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# "... consistently publishing in terrible journals ... a fringe theorist that can't publish in regular journals". Bunn has been published in reputable journals: ''Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Journal of New Zealand Studies'''.'''''
# "... consistently publishing in terrible journals ... a fringe theorist that can't publish in regular journals". Bunn has been published in reputable journals: ''Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Journal of New Zealand Studies'''.'''''
# "... the article favours Bunn's location theories and rejects other theories" Due weight is given to researchers with differing theories as to location; the article itself rejects none. See pars 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 10.
# "... the article favours Bunn's location theories and rejects other theories" Due weight is given to researchers with differing theories as to location; the article itself rejects none. See pars 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 10.
# "... Bunn appears to have a commercial interest in promoting his theories, i.e. through his company which apparently wants to excavate the terraces": The evidence shows that the excavation project proposed by the social enterprise company founded by Bunn was suspended in 2014.
# "... Bunn appears to have a commercial interest in promoting his theories, i.e. through his company which apparently wants to excavate the terraces": The evidence shows that the excavation project proposed by the social enterprise company founded by Bunn was suspended in 2014.


Still, I grant that some of the references are in need of more reliable sources. I will provide those for references 36, 37 and 38, and do welcome discussion of the reliability of any other source.
Still, I grant that some of the references are in need of more reliable sources. I will provide those for references 36, 37 and 38, and do welcome discussion of the reliability of any other source.

Revision as of 22:15, 10 September 2024

Some of the preceding comments seem a tad OTT. The full picture is rather more nuanced:

  1. "... consistently publishing in terrible journals ... a fringe theorist that can't publish in regular journals". Bunn has been published in reputable journals: Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Journal of New Zealand Studies.
  2. "... the article favours Bunn's location theories and rejects other theories" Due weight is given to researchers with differing theories as to location; the article itself rejects none. See pars 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 10.
  3. "... Bunn appears to have a commercial interest in promoting his theories, i.e. through his company which apparently wants to excavate the terraces": The evidence shows that the excavation project proposed by the social enterprise (non-commercial) company founded by Bunn was suspended in 2014.

Still, I grant that some of the references are in need of more reliable sources. I will provide those for references 36, 37 and 38, and do welcome discussion of the reliability of any other source.

Reappearance

The prevailing view in the years following the 1886 eruption was that the terraces had been destroyed and that they would never be seen again.[1][2] However, there were some, Chief Guide Warbrick principal among them, who continued to maintain that they had survived, buried beneath a deposit of mud and volcanic ash, although none was able to produce any evidence to support claims of survival.[3]

Although active searching for the terraces had long ceased, in February 2011 a team of researchers from GNS Science, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory and Waikato University reported discovering part of the Pink Terraces in the course of their mapping the floor of Lake Rotomahana with a REMUS underwater vehicle. The lowest two tiers of the terraces were reported found at 60 metres (200 ft) deep. A part of the White Terraces was also reported as rediscovered in June 2011..[4][5]

The 2011 GNS claims of rediscovery were challenged by Bill Keir, a freelance researcher, who calculated that the 'rediscovered' structures were not where the terraces had been before the eruption and speculated that they were either prehistoric terraces or step-shaped objects created by the eruption. Keir's speculations were rebutted by Cornel de Ronde, Research Geologist at GNS Science.[6][7]

In February 2014, Rex Bunn, an independent researcher, founded PAWTL (Pink & White Terraces Limited), a social enterprise company, with the objective of draining the lake and recovering the in situ terraces, relying on the GNS locations. The company was to be operated by the Tūhourangi and Ngati Rangitihi Arawa hapū that had been associated with tourist ventures to the Terraces in the nineteenth century,[8] However, after GNS advised of the risk of an eruption, the project was suspended.[9]

In March 2016, the GNS team published in the Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research results of returns to the site in 2012 and 2014. In that paper, they retracted their previous claims of rediscovery and concluded that "the majority of both sets of terraces were destroyed".[10]

Later in 2016, in December, Bunn and Nolden published a paper that drew on Nolden's discovery in 2010 of Hochstetter's original maps to suggest the locations may have survived the eruption.[11] In a follow-up paper published in June 2017 in the Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Bunn and Nolden concluded that, contrary to the prevailing belief, the Pink and White Terraces were not submerged beneath Lake Rotomahana, but were instead buried 10 to 15 metres (33 to 49 ft) underground along the shoreline, and could potentially be excavated and restored to public view, dependent on the permission of the Māori iwi which owned the land.[12]

A paper by Keir in December 2017 disputed Bunn and Nolden's findings and contended that the terraces could not have survived intact.[13]

Tūhourangi Tribal Authority chairman Alan Skipwith, speaking after TV3 in March 2018 had referred to the terraces' "discovery", thanked Bunn and Nolden for their research that potentially proved the location of the terraces but stated that the Authority was in no position to conclusively identify a location.[14] Two researchers from NIWA, acknowledging the relevance of their research to the Tūhourangi iwi, disputed the location of the terraces using Hochstetter's mapping;[15] Bunn countered with a commentary that pointed out errors in their findings and their conclusion that the terraces were destroyed.[16]

In June 2018, a paper by Bunn, Davies and Stewart used a novel "field of view" approach to establish "with maximum possible accuracy" the locations of the terraces, taking previously unpublished photographs from Hochstetter's 1859 expedition, along with his diary entries, as reference points.[17]

Later in 2018, de Ronde, Tontini and Keam contended that the locations identified in Bunn and Nolden's 2016 and 2017 papers were unsupported by their own analyses, which indicated that the terraces "largely would have been destroyed".[18]

Between 2019 and 2024, Bunn and fellow researchers published books and papers that accumulated a body of evidence for the survival of the terraces in the locations that they had identified. This evidence included the first altimetric measurements of the landscape, triangulation of coordinates for the White Terrace, mātauranga Māori knowledge, and the analysis of a recently restored pre-eruption photograph by pioneer photographer Wiliam Fitzgerald Crawford.[19][20][21] A major conclusion was that the White Terraces presently lie buried on the existing Lake Rotomahana shoreline outside the 1886 crater and that excavation of the terraces is feasible.[22][23]

  1. ^ Conly, Geoffrey (1985). Tarawera The Destruction of the Pink and White Terraces. Wellington: Grantham House.
  2. ^ McClure, Margaret (2004). The Wonder Country Making New Zealand Tourism. Auckland: Auckland University Press. ISBN 1 86940 319 3.
  3. ^ Nikora (16 May 1936). "Were they buried or destroyed?". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  4. ^ Donnell, Hayden (2 February 2011). "Remains of Pink Terraces discovered". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  5. ^ "Scientists find part of Pink and White Terraces under Lake Rotomahana". GNS Science. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-02-05.
  6. ^ de Ronde, Cornel E. J. (22 Sep 2012). "Fault found in Terraces scepticism". Opinion. Rotorua Daily Post. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-12 – via nzherald.co.nz. Keir, Bill (22 Sep 2012). "Bill Keir: Imagination needed to see Terraces". Opinion. Rotorua Daily Post. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-12 – via nzherald.co.nz. Published early on 22 Sep, 6:57am.
  7. ^ Keir, Bill (2014). "The Pink and White Terraces: still lost?". New Zealand Skeptic. 110: 7–12. Published later on 22 Sep, 4:07pm.
  8. ^ Bunn, A. Rex (May 2014). "Raising the Tattooed Rock- A Tourism Proposal of National Significance". Plenary Meetings of the TTA and PAWTL Project – via ResearchGate.
  9. ^ Bunn, Rex (2023). "The Eighth Wonder of the World in New Zealand: Seismic studies confirm the new Hochstetter paradigm". Smart Tourism. 4 (1): 1–18 – via Academia.
  10. ^ de Ronde, C.E.J.; Fornari, D.J.; Ferrini, V.L.; Walker, S.L.; Davy, B.W.; LeBlanc, C.; Caratori Tontini, F.; Kukulya, A.L.; Littlefield, R.H. (15 March 2016). "The Pink and White Terraces of Lake Rotomahana: what was their fate after the 1886 Tarawera Rift eruption?". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. The Lake Rotomahana Geothermal System and Effects of the 1886 Mt. Tarawera Eruption. 314: 126–141. Bibcode:2016JVGR..314..126D. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.02.003.
  11. ^ Bunn, A. Rex; Nolden, Sascha (December 2016). "Te Tarata and Te Otukapuarangi: Reverse engineering Hochstetter's Lake Rotomahana Survey to map the Pink and White Terrace locations". Journal of New Zealand Studies (NS23): 37–53 – via ResearchGate.
  12. ^ Bunn, Rex; Nolden, Sascha (2018) [Published online: 7 Jun 2017]. "Forensic cartography with Hochstetter's 1859 Pink and White Terraces survey: Te Otukapuarangi and Te Tarata". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 48 (1): 39–56. Bibcode:2018JRSNZ..48...39B. doi:10.1080/03036758.2017.1329748. ISSN 0303-6758. S2CID 134907436.
  13. ^ Keir, Bill (2017) [Published online: 3 Dec 2017]. "The location of the Pink and White Terraces of Lake Rotomahana, New Zealand". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 49: 16–35. doi:10.1080/03036758.2017.1404479. S2CID 134067334.
  14. ^ "Pink and White Terraces discovery announcement premature, says iwi". Stuff. 28 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-07-07. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
  15. ^ Lorrey, Andrtew; Woolley, Mark (November 2018). "Locating Relict Sinter Terrace Sites at Lake Rotomahana, New Zealand, With Ferdinand von Hochstetter's Legacy Cartography, Historic Maps, and LIDAR". Front. Earth Sci. 6 (205). doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00205.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  16. ^ Bunn, Rex (March 2020). "A Commentary on 'Locating Relict Sinter Terrace Sites at Lake Rotomahana, New Zealand, With Ferdinand von Hochstetter's Legacy Cartography, Historic Maps, and LIDAR'". Front. Earth Sci. 8 (68). doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00068.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  17. ^ "Article - Dr Hochstetter's Lost Survey". NZIS. New Zealand Institute of Surveyors. 27 June 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-29. Retrieved 2018-06-29. Bunn, Rex; Davies, Nick; Stewart, David (June 2018). "Dr Hochstetter's Lost Survey – The Pink and White Terraces at Lake Rotomahana". Surveying+Spatial (94): 5–13. Archived from the original on 2018-08-12. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  18. ^ de Ronde, Cornel E. J.; Caratori Tontini, Fabio; Keam, Ronald F. (2018) [Published online: 31 Jul 2018]. "Where are the Pink and White Terraces of Lake Rotomahana?". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 49: 36–59. doi:10.1080/03036758.2018.1474479. S2CID 134563209.
  19. ^ Bunn, A. Rex (March 2023). "Resolving the 1886 White Terraces riddle in the Taupō Volcanic Zone". Frontiers in Earth Science. 11. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1007148 – via ResearchGate.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  20. ^ Bunn, A. Rex (April 2022). "The first evidence-based altimetry for locating the lost Eighth Wonder of the World: the Pink, Black and White Terraces". Academia Letters (5204). doi:10.20935/AL5204 – via ResearchGate.
  21. ^ Bunn, A. Rex (June 2024). "One plate to find Them How a unique surviving photograph confirmed the Hochstetter Paradigm and located the White Terrace-Eighth Wonder of the World". ESS Open Archive. doi:10.22541/essoar.171828450.06137345/v1.
  22. ^ Bunn, A. Rex (2022). Quest for the Pink and White Terraces: The Expedition to Recover New Zealand's Eighth Wonder of the World (Quest for the Pink and White Terraces- Volumes I, II and III.). Independently published. ASIN B085RQRH43. ISBN 979-8620348718.
  23. ^ Bunn, A. Rex; Nolden, Sascha (August 2023). "Ferdinand von Hochstetter's November 1860 Folio of New Zealand survey data and the location of the Pink and White Terraces". Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences. 6 (8): 248–268 – via ResearchGate.