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{{dashboard.wikiedu.org sandbox}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Oxycomanthus bennetti''
| image = Comatulidae - Comaster schlegelii.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''Oxycomanthus bennetti'' in [[Maldives]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Echinodermata]]
| classis = [[Crinoidea]]
| subclassis = [[Articulata (Crinoidea)|Articulata]]
| ordo = [[Comatulida]]
| familia = [[Comasteridae]]
| genus = [[Oxycomanthus]]
| species = '''''O. bennetti'''''
| binomial = ''Oxycomanthus bennetti''
| binomial_authority = (Müller, 1841)
| synonyms =
* ''Actinometra bennetti'' (Müller, 1841)
* ''Actinometra brachymera'' Schmeltz, 1877
* ''Alecto bennetti'' Müller, 1841
* ''Anneissia bennetti'' Müller, 1841
* ''Cenolia bennetti'' (Müller, 1841)
* ''Comanthus (Cenolia) bennetti'' (Müller, 1841)
* ''Comanthus (Comanthus) bennetti'' (Müller, 1841)
* ''Comanthus bennetti'' (Müller, 1841)
}}

'''''Oxycomanthus bennetti''''', the '''Bennett's feather star''', is a species of [[Crinoid]] belonging to the family [[Comasteridae]].<ref>{{cite web |title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Oxycomanthus bennetti (Müller, 1841) |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246787#links |website=www.marinespecies.org}}</ref> It is found in shallow water in the [[Indo-Pacific]] between northern Australia and southeast Asia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kirkendale |first1=Lisa |last2=Messing |first2=Charles |title=An annotated checklist and key to the Crinoidea of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands |journal=Micronesica |date=January 2003 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228514769_An_annotated_checklist_and_key_to_the_Crinoidea_of_Guam_and_the_Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Marianas_Islands |language=en}}</ref>

==Description==
''Oxycomanthus bennetti'' is one of the larger species of [[Comasteridae|comasterids]], growing up to 30 cm.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Venkataraman |first1=Krishnamoorthy |last2=Ragunathan |first2=C. |last3=Sadhukhan |first3=Koushik |last4=Mondal |first4=Tamal |title=Common Crinoids of Andaman and Nicobar Islands |date=January 2011 |publisher=Director Zoological Survey of India Kolkata India}}</ref> It is a [[filter-feeder]], meaning it does not hunt down food, it captures food suspended in the water column to eat. It does this with has 31-120 feathery arms, usually held up into the water in order to trap food, feeding on [[detritus]], [[phytoplankton]] and [[zooplankton]]. The arms have numerous finger-like appendages known as pinnules, in order to increase the surface area on which food can be trapped. The mouth is on the upper side of the large, thick body, otherwise known as the centrodorsal. Attached to the centrodorsal are many long, robust [[Cirrus (biology)|cirri]] (3-4.5 cm). These cirri are used by ''O. bennetti'' to hold on to substrate in the beginning portion of their lives, after the larvae settle out of the water column. They begin their lives attached to a stalk, held onto a [[Substrate (biology)|substrate]] by cirri, and once mature, they can break the stalk and become free-living. Once they are free-living, however, they still use these cirri to elevate themselves to put themselves in a better position to trap food. Because these cirri are so long and robust, the posture of ''O. bennetti'' can be used to easily distinguish it from other similar species. ''O. bennetti'' is diurnally active, meaning it is active during the day, unlike many other species of crinoids. The color of this species is quite variable, ranging from yellow to brown and purple. The tips of the pinnules are often more brightly colored than the arms and centrodorsal.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kirkendale |first1=Lisa |last2=Messing |first2=Charles |title=An annotated checklist and key to the Crinoidea of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands |journal=Micronesica |date=January 2003 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228514769_An_annotated_checklist_and_key_to_the_Crinoidea_of_Guam_and_the_Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Marianas_Islands |language=en}}</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
''O. bennetti'' is widespread in the [[Western Indo-Pacific|Indo-West Pacific]], from [[Bay of Bengal]] and [[Maldives]] to the [[Marshall Islands]] and from [[China]] to [[Australia]], [[Bali]] and [[Indonesia]]. It is most commonly found between 5 and 25 meters depth, but there is a less common deep water variety that lives between 15 and 45 meters depth. ''O. bennetti'' prefers to inhabit exposed coral heads, and is rheophilic, meaning it prefers to live where currents flow more strongly.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kirkendale |first1=Lisa |last2=Messing |first2=Charles |title=An annotated checklist and key to the Crinoidea of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands |journal=Micronesica |date=January 2003 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228514769_An_annotated_checklist_and_key_to_the_Crinoidea_of_Guam_and_the_Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Marianas_Islands |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Marsh |first1=Loisette |title=Echinoderms of Christmas Island |journal=Records of the Western Australian Museum |date=2000 |volume=59 |pages=97-101 |url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/13.%20Marsh.pdf}}</ref>This positioning ensures that more food floats past the star, therefore increasing nutrient uptake.

==Biology and Symbiosis==
''O. bennetti'' is [[gonochoric]],meaning it has both female and male individuals. Reproduction occurs when some of the [[pinnules]] burst, releasing [[gametes]] into the water column. Sperm will fertilize eggs, which will hatch to produce free-swimming [[larvae]]. These larvae settle after a few days, where they begin to produce their stalk and start to grow.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anneissia bennetti, Bennett's feather star |url=https://www.sealifebase.org/summary/Oxycomanthus-bennetti.html |website=www.sealifebase.org}}</ref>
''O. bennetti'' has been observed having a symbiotic relationship with various species of [[polychaete worms]]. This relationship has been described as [[Commensalism|commensalistic]], meaning that the polychaete worms benefit greatly from the feather star, as it provides shelter, protection, and food, and there is little to no negative effect on O. bennetti. Individuals of the species ''Hololepidella laingensis'' and ''Paradyte crinoidicola'' have been found on ''O. bennetti'' in [[Papua New Guinea]], with an average of 2-4 worms per individual star, as competition between these worms is fierce.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Britayev |first1=Temir A. |last2=Doignon |first2=Gilles |last3=Eeckhaut |first3=Igor |title=Symbiotic polycheates from Papua New Guinea associated with echinoderms, with descriptions of three new species |journal=Cahiers de Biologie Marine |date=1999 |volume=40 |pages=359-374}}</ref> In [[Vietnam]], these stars were found with a total of 11 [[symbiont]] species on only 18 individuals,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Britayev |first1=Temir A. |last2=Mekhova |first2=Elena S. |title=Assessment of hidden diversity of crinoids and their symbionts in the Bay of Nhatrang, Vietnam |journal=Organisms Diversity & Evolution |date=2 August 2011 |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=275–285 |doi=10.1007/s13127-011-0053-3}}</ref> meaning that these feather stars serve as excellent shelters for smaller animals looking for protection and food.

==Gallery==
{|
||[[File: Comasteridae - Oxycomanthus bennetti-001.jpg|thumb|240px|left|''Oxycomanthus bennetti'' in [[Philippines]]]]
||[[File: Comasteridae - Oxycomanthus bennetti-002.jpg|thumb|240px|left|''Oxycomanthus bennetti'' in [[Philippines]]]]
||[[File: Comasteridae - Oxycomanthus bennetti-003.jpg|thumb|240px|left|''Oxycomanthus bennetti'' in [[Philippines]]]]
|}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q7115914}}

[[:Category:Comasteridae]]
[[:Category:Animals described in 1841]]


{{Crinoidea-stub}}

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