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{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Hurricane Sandy
| image = Sandy 2012-10-29 2015Z.png
| caption = Satellite image of Sandy shortly before landfall in New Jersey on October 29
| duration = October 28&ndash;29, 2012
}}{{Infobox weather event/NWS
| winds = 70
| gusts = 85
| pressure = 945
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 2012
| fatalities = 38 total (12 direct)
| losses = 30000000000
| areas = [[New Jersey]], particularly along the [[Jersey Shore]] in [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean]], [[Monmouth County, New Jersey|Monmouth]],
| refs = <ref name="TotalEconomicLoss">{{cite web|author=Ed Beeson and Tom De Poto|work=The Star-Ledger|publisher=New Jersey On-Line|date=November 1, 2012|access-date=November 1, 2012|title=Price tag of Sandy's damage to N.J. businesses could reach $30B|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/11/price_tag_of_sandys_damage_to.html}}</ref>
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[2012 Atlantic hurricane season]]
| related = {{Hurricane Sandy related}}
}}
[[Hurricane Sandy]] was the costliest natural disaster in the [[history of New Jersey]], with economic losses to businesses of up to $30&nbsp;billion. The most intense storm of the [[2012 Atlantic hurricane season]], Sandy formed in the [[Caribbean Sea]] on October&nbsp;22. For days ahead of its eventual [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]], the hurricane was expected to turn toward New Jersey, as anticipated by [[tropical cyclone forecast model]]s and the [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC). On October&nbsp;29, Sandy lost its characteristics of a [[tropical cyclone]] and transitioned into an [[extratropical cyclone]] while approaching the New Jersey coast. About two and a half hours later, the former hurricane moved ashore New Jersey near [[Brigantine, New Jersey|Brigantine]] in Atlantic County, just north of [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]], producing wind gusts as strong as {{convert|91|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.

Over two million households in the state lost power in the storm, 346,000 homes were damaged or destroyed,<ref name="chris smith">{{cite web|url=http://chrissmith.house.gov/uploadedfiles/floor_remarks_on_sandy_jan_2_2013.pdf|title=Floor statement on Sandy supplemental|publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]]|author=Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)|date=January 2, 2013|author-link=Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)}}</ref> and 38 people were killed. [[Storm surge]] and [[flooding]] affected a large swath of the state. Governor [[Chris Christie]] said the losses caused by Sandy were "going to be almost incalculable...The devastation on the Jersey Shore is probably going to be the worst we've ever seen."<ref name="The Washington Examiner">{{cite web|title=Christie: Damage costs 'almost incalculable' but 'New Jersey's a tough place'|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/state/Christie_Damage_costs_almost_incalculable_but_New_Jerseys_a_tough_place.html?page=all|publisher=The Bergen Record|access-date=October 30, 2012}}</ref>

== Background and preparations ==
[[File:NJ National Guard Prepares for Hurricane Sandy.jpg|thumb|left|Airmen of the [[New Jersey Air National Guard]] 108th Wing prepare to go to assist at emergency shelters.]]
Hurricane Sandy [[Tropical cyclogenesis|originated]] in the [[Caribbean Sea]] on October&nbsp;22. By a day later, the [[European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts]] [[tropical cyclone prediction model|computer model]] anticipated that the hurricane would eventually strike New Jersey. Early on October&nbsp;25, Hurricane Sandy moved across eastern Cuba as a major hurricane and emerged into the western Atlantic Ocean.<ref name="tcr">{{cite report|author=Blake, Eric S|author2=Kimberlain, Todd B|author3=Berg, Robert J|author4=Cangialosi, John P|author5=Beven II, John L|date=February 12, 2013|type=Tropical Cyclone Report|format=PDF|title=Hurricane Sandy: October 22&nbsp;– 29, 2012|author6=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 17, 2013|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL182012_Sandy}}|publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service}}</ref> Later that day, the [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC) first forecast a [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] in New Jersey, due to the anticipated interaction between Sandy and an approaching trough, as well as the presence of a [[ridge (meteorology)|ridge]] over [[New England]]. The forecast reflected the majority of computer models, which had previously suggested a northeast track across the Atlantic Ocean.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2012/al18/al182012.discus.014.shtml?|title=Hurricane SANDY}}</ref><ref name="nws"/><ref name="tcr"/>

The NHC expected that Sandy would become [[extratropical cyclone|extratropical]] at some point before hitting the coast, but there was uncertainty in the timing. To avoid potential confusion, the agency did not issue [[tropical cyclone warnings and watches|hurricane and tropical cyclone warnings]]; instead, the [[National Weather Service]] (NWS) offices in [[Mount Holly, New Jersey|Mount Holly]] and New York City issued [[Gale warning#Land|high wind warnings]] for the state, reflecting the expectation of wind gusts over {{convert|58|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tcr"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?word=High+Wind+Warning|title=Glossary - NOAA's National Weather Service|first=NOAA's National Weather|last=Service|website=w1.weather.gov}}</ref> The NWS issued a flood watch and a coastal flood watch on October&nbsp;27 for much of the state. These were upgraded to warnings as Sandy approached the state.<ref name="nws">{{cite report|title=Storm Summary for Superstorm Sandy|publisher=Philadelphia/Mount Holly National Weather Service|access-date=November 22, 2021|url=https://www.weather.gov/media/phi/StormReports/October292012.pdf}}</ref> The NHC anticipated a [[storm surge]] of {{convert|4|to|8|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tcr"/>

On October&nbsp;26, or three days before landfall, [[Governor of New Jersey|then-Governor]] [[Chris Christie]] issued a voluntary evacuation order for all [[barrier island]]s along the [[Jersey Shore]], which were upgraded to a mandatory evacuation a day later. About 115,000&nbsp;people were under evacuation orders, of whom about 15,000&nbsp;people used emergency shelters. A woman in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]] died of a heart attack while evacuating on a bus. On October&nbsp;27, Christie declared a [[state of emergency]], activating 2,000&nbsp;[[New Jersey Army National Guard|National Guard troops]].<ref name="ncdc"/>

The passage of Sandy prompted the closure of all [[List of New Jersey state parks|state parks and historic sites]], state offices, courts, and all 580&nbsp;school districts.<ref name="ncdc"/> All Atlantic City casinos closed on the day before landfall and remained closed for six days until November&nbsp;3.<ref name="ncdc"/> This led to a 28% drop in revenue during the month of November. It was the biggest monthly drop in 34 years.<ref>Parry, Wayne. [http://www.katv.com/story/20306868/sandy-causes-record-drop-in-nj-casino-revenues "Sandy causes record drop in NJ casino revenues"]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. katv.com. December 10, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.</ref>

Tolls were suspended on the northbound [[Garden State Parkway]] and the westbound [[Atlantic City Expressway]] starting at 6:00&nbsp;a.m. on October 28.<ref>{{cite news|agency=CBS2|title=Christie Declares State of Emergency; Orders Evacuations In Some Parts of N.J|date=October 27, 2012|access-date=October 27, 2012|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2012/10/27/evacuations-begin-in-some-areas-of-new-jersey-for-hurricane-sandy/}}</ref> In [[Cape May County, New Jersey]], officials advised residents on [[barrier island]]s to evacuate on October 26, becoming a mandatory evacuation on October 28. There was also a voluntary evacuation for [[Mantoloking, New Jersey|Mantoloking]], [[Bay Head, New Jersey|Bay Head]], [[Barnegat Light, New Jersey|Barnegat Light]], [[Beach Haven, New Jersey|Beach Haven]], [[Harvey Cedars, New Jersey|Harvey Cedars]], [[Long Beach Township, New Jersey|Long Beach]], [[Ship Bottom, New Jersey|Ship Bottom]], and [[Stafford, New Jersey|Stafford]] in [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean County]].<ref name="Ocean County">{{cite news|agency=Asbury Park Press|title=Ocean County towns issue voluntary evacuations|date=October 27, 2012|author=Staff |access-date=October 27, 2012|url=http://www.app.com/article/20121026/NJNEWS/310260086/Ocean-County-towns-issue-voluntary-evacuations}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=ABC7|title=Shore towns issue voluntary evac orders|date=October 26, 2012|access-date=October 26, 2012|url=https://abc7ny.com/archive/8860237/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029075742/http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=weather&id=8860237|archive-date=October 29, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bay Head">{{cite news|publisher=Point Pleasant Patch|title=Bay Head and Mantoloking Advising Voluntary Evacuations. Mantoloking police department urging residents to leave ahead of Sandy|date=October 26, 2012|author=Denise Di Stephan |access-date=October 27, 2012|url=http://pointpleasant.patch.com/articles/mantoloking-advising-voluntary-evacuations}}</ref> On October 28, [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] mayor [[Dawn Zimmer]] ordered an evacuation of all basement and street level residential units, due to possible flooding.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hoboken mayor announces evacuation of all basements and street-level residences|date=29 October 2012|url=http://www.nj.com/jjournal-news/index.ssf/2012/10/hoboken_mayor_announces_evacua.html|publisher=NewJersey.com|access-date=29 October 2012}}</ref> Similarly, [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] mayor [[Jerramiah Healy]] ordered an evacuation of all basement and 1st-floor units east of Greene Street, south of Columbus Drive, and east of Washington Boulevard north of Columbus Drive.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jersey City mayor orders mandatory evacuation for some residents in coastal areas|url=http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2012/10/jersey_city_mayor_orders_manda.html|publisher=NewJersey.com|access-date=28 October 2012}}</ref> On October 29, a mandatory evacuation was put in effect for residents in some parts of [[Logan Township, New Jersey|Logan Township]].<ref>[http://www.nj.com/gloucester-county/index.ssf/2012/10/portions_of_logan_township_iss.html Hurricane Sandy: Portions of Logan Township issued evacuation order]</ref> On November 1, Governor Christie lifted mandatory evacuation orders in [[Atlantic County, New Jersey|Atlantic]] and [[Cape May County, New Jersey|Cape May]] counties.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gov. Christie lifts mandatory evacuation for parts of Atlantic, Cape May counties|date=2 November 2012|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/11/gov_christie_lifts_mandatory_e.html|publisher=NJ.com|access-date=2 November 2012}}</ref>

Ahead of the storm, officials warned residents of the potential for power outages lasting over a week.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=ABCNews|author=Cindy Lupkin|title=Hurricane Sandy: New Jersey Warned of 7- to 10- Day Power Outages|accessdate=December 18, 2021|date=October 27, 2012|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/hurricane-sandy-jersey-prepares-10-day-power-outages/story?id=17579827}}</ref> [[Jersey Central Power & Light]] told employees to be prepared for extended shifts. Most schools, colleges, and universities were closed October 29 and at least 509 out of 580 school districts were closed October 30.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eastern utilities brace for expected super storm|url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/eastern-utilities-brace-for-expected-super-storm/article/feed/2042415#.UIofOm_WIm8|publisher=The Washington Examiner|access-date=26 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006202623/http://washingtonexaminer.com/eastern-utilities-brace-for-expected-super-storm/article/feed/2042415#.UIofOm_WIm8|archive-date=6 October 2013}}</ref><ref name=NewsWorks>{{cite web|title=Sandy makes landfall near Atlantic City; 348K N.J. homes without power|url=http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/local//item/46253-power-outages-spread-as-sandy-accelerates-toward-new-jersey-shore/|publisher=NewsWorks|access-date=October 29, 2012|date=October 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504104638/http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/local//item/46253-power-outages-spread-as-sandy-accelerates-toward-new-jersey-shore/|archive-date=May 4, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the early morning hours of October 29, [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]] and [[New Jersey Transit]] services were suspended in preparation for the hurricane.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/hurricane-sandy-causes-evacuations-closings-throughout-east-coast/2012/10/29/8eac52ba-2162-11e2-8448-81b1ce7d6978_story.html?hpid=z1|title=Sandy slams into NJ|date=29 October 2012|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|first1=Fredrick|last1=Kunkle|first2=Laura|last2=Vozzella|first3=Jeremy|last3=Borden}}</ref> Also, the [[Garden State Parkway]] was completely shut down south of the [[Atlantic City Expressway]] due to flooding.<ref>[https://www.nj.com/news/2012/10/garden_state_parkway_southboun.html Garden State Parkway closed from AC Expressway south], [[NJ.com]], October 29, 2012</ref>

President Obama signed an emergency declaration for New Jersey. The declaration allows the state to request federal funding and other assistance for actions taken prior to Sandy's landfall.<ref>{{cite web|title=President signs emergency declaration for NJ|url=http://www.newsday.com/news/region-state/president-signs-emergency-declaration-for-nj-1.4162619|work=Newsday|access-date=29 October 2012}}</ref>

== Impact ==
[[File:Mantoloking NJ devastation.jpg|thumb|right|Damage in [[Mantoloking, New Jersey|Mantoloking]], where high waves created a new temporary inlet]]
On October&nbsp;29, about two and a half hours from its New Jersey landfall, Sandy transitioned into an extratropical cyclone as it encountered cooler waters and a cold air mass. At about 23:30&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time]] (6:30&nbsp;p.m. [[Eastern Time Zone|EDT]]), the center of former hurricane Sandy made landfall near [[Brigantine, New Jersey|Brigantine]] in Atlantic County, with [[maximum sustained wind]]s of about {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tcr"/> The highest wind gust in the state was {{convert|91|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in Atlantic City.<ref name="ncdc"/> At the Atlantic City Marina, a [[barometer]] recorded a minimum [[atmospheric pressure|barometric pressure]] of {{convert|945.5|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}, which set a record for the city, and was the lowest pressure ever recorded in the United States north of North Carolina. The state capital [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]] also recorded its lowest ever pressure &ndash; {{convert|958.7|mbar|inHg|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tcr"/> Sandy dropped heavy rainfall across the state as it approached and later moved across the state.<ref name="nws"/> The statewide peak precipitation total was {{convert|11.91|in|mm|abbr=on}}, recorded in [[Wildwood Crest, New Jersey|Wildwood Crest]].<ref name="tcr"/> This made it the 6th wettest tropical cyclone in the state.

The most damaging aspects of Sandy were from its high waves, estimated from {{convert|12|to|24|ft|abbr=on}}, as well as its [[storm surge]], which is the rise in water above the normally expected high [[tide]].<ref name="tcr"/><ref name="ncdc"/> Record-high water levels occurred in the state due to the storm's fast motion toward the coast and its passage during the regular high tide.<ref name="nws"/> The highest water levels occurred north of the landfall point in Monmouth and Middlesex Counties, especially along the [[Raritan Bay]], where the surge reached an estimated {{convert|4|to|9|ft|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="tcr"/><ref name="ncdc"/> Along [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]] at the northern end of Monmouth County, a tide gauge on a pier recorded a water level of {{convert|13.31|ft|m|abbr=on}} above the [[Chart datum#Mean lower low water|average low tide]], at which point the pier collapsed and the gauge stopped reporting. This indicated a storm surge of {{convert|8.57|ft|m|abbr=on}}, which broke the previous record high tide there by {{convert|2.87|ft|m|abbr=on}}, set by [[Hurricane Donna]] in 1960. The highest [[High water mark]] in the state was {{cvt|8.9|ft|m}}, measured at the [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] station in Sandy Hook.<ref name="ncdc"/><ref name="tcr"/><ref name="nws"/> The most significant flooding in the state occurred in the areas around [[Lower New York Bay]], [[Raritan Bay]], and the [[Raritan River]]. Along the Jersey Shore, the high water levels inundated several [[barrier island]]s, with a new temporary inlet created in [[Mantoloking, New Jersey|Mantoloking]].<ref name="tcr"/><ref name="ncdc"/> Most coastal towns in New Jersey suffered [[beach erosion]] due to Sandy's waves, and on average, beaches were {{convert|30|to|40|ft|m|abbr=on}} narrower after the storm. However, some beaches in the extreme southern end of the state grew in size.<ref name="ncdc"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Sand shift from Sandy shows up in Cape May County|author=Richard Degener|date=August 6, 2013|access-date=November 27, 2021|url=https://pressofatlanticcity.com/news/top_three/sand-shift-from-sandy-shows-up-in-cape-may-county/article_c1cc9f15-5e58-5d44-b5dd-b0a46ad93213.html|newspaper=The Press of Atlantic City}}</ref> As Sandy entered Pennsylvania, a strong southeasterly flow produced record flooding along the [[Delaware Bay]] and [[Delaware River]].<ref name="nws"/>

Across New Jersey, 38&nbsp;people died due in part to Sandy, including 12&nbsp;fatalities directly related to the hurricane's impacts.<ref name="tcr"/> The large swath of strong winds and widespread flooding produced the costliest natural disaster in the [[history of New Jersey]], with damage estimated at $29.4&nbsp;billion.<ref name="ncdc">{{cite report|title=Coastal Flood Event Report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=416939|access-date=November 27, 2021|publisher=National Climatic Data Center}}</ref> This far surpassed the $1&nbsp;billion damage total [[Hurricane Irene]] from the 2011, the state's previous costliest natural disaster.<ref>{{cite report|title=Tropical Storm Event Report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=344138|access-date=November 27, 2021|publisher=National Climatic Data Center}}</ref> Damage was heaviest in [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean]] and Monmouth counties.<ref name="ncdc"/> Statewide, Sandy damaged 346,000&nbsp;homes,<ref name="dep"/> with about 30,000&nbsp;homes and businesses destroyed or significantly damaged.<ref name="ncdc"/> The storm's high winds and heavy rainfall knocked down or damaged more than 113,000&nbsp;trees across the state, many of which fell onto power lines, leaving about 2.7&nbsp;million New Jerseyans without power.<ref name="ncdc"/><ref>{{cite news|author=Jim Fitzgerld|date=November 19, 2012|accessdate=December 18, 2021|title=Sandy Uprooted Trees by the Thousands|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Weather.com|url=https://weather.com/news/news/sandy-trees-20121119}}</ref> The power outages affected 70&nbsp;water systems and 80&nbsp;sewage systems. High waters sank 1,400&nbsp;boats.<ref name="dep"/>

[[File:Hurricane Sandy damage Atlantic City US 40-US 322.jpg|thumb|right|Flooding and damage along Albany Avenue in Atlantic City]]
An analysis of aerial imagery conducted by the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency|Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)]] indicated that approximately 72,000 homes and business in New Jersey were damaged or destroyed by the storm, with over 40,000 of the buildings affected being in [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean County]]. Based on this analysis, 507 buildings were destroyed, 5051 suffered major structural damage, and 66,212 incurred limited damage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/11/hurricane_sandys_destruction_a.html|title=Hurricane Sandy's destruction: Aerial assessment shows nearly 72K buildings damaged in N.J.|publisher=[[Star Ledger]]|author=Eric Sagara|date=November 18, 2012}}</ref> U.S. Congressman [[Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)|Chris Smith]] stated on January 2, 2013, that 346,000 homes in New Jersey were damaged by Sandy, of which 22,000 were rendered uninhabitable.<ref name="chris smith"/>

===Atlantic County===
Former Hurricane Sandy made landfall in Atlantic County, just north of Atlantic City. Most of the eastern portion of the county suffered from the effects of high winds and tides. Atlantic City recorded a storm surge of {{convert|5.82|ft|m|abbr=on}}, as well as {{convert|8.15|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall. The highest tide &ndash; {{convert|8.9|ft|m|abbr=on}} above mean low water &ndash; was the second-highest ever recorded at the station, only behind the [[December 1992 nor'easter]]. High floodwaters temporarily cut off travel between the city and the mainland. High waves destroyed the northern end of the Atlantic City boardwalk, which was already scheduled to be removed.<ref name="tcr"/><ref name="ncdc"/> In the city, more than 5,000&nbsp;housing units were damaged during Sandy, which represented 11% of the statewide number of damaged units.<ref name="press33">{{cite news|date=March 3, 2013|title=Report says Atlantic City has highest number of Sandy-damaged homes in state|newspaper=The Press of Atlantic City|author=Sarah Watson|url=https://pressofatlanticcity.com/news/breaking/report-says-atlantic-city-has-highest-number-of-sandy-damaged-homes-in-state/article_7de17cc4-8389-11e2-9464-0019bb2963f4.html|access-date=November 28, 2021}}</ref> Significant tidal damage also occurred elsewhere on [[Absecon Island]], which includes the municipalities of Ventnor, Margate, and Longport.<ref name="ncdc"/> An elderly man in [[Ventnor, New Jersey|Ventnor]] struck his head and died while moving his car away from floodwaters.<ref name="dead">{{cite news|url=https://www.nj.com/news/2012/12/forty_of_our_own_the_new_jerse.html|title=Forty of our own: The New Jerseyans killed by Sandy, and their stories|date=December 2, 2012|publisher=NJ.com|accessdate=December 1, 2021|agency=New Jersey Star-Ledger}}</ref> Part of the [[Ocean Drive (New Jersey)|Ocean City-Longport Bridge]] was closed when high seas washed boulders onto it.<ref name="ncdc"/> A travel ban was put into effect after sunset due to the storm.<ref>[https://www.nj.com/news/2012/10/travel_ban_and_curfew_in_atlan.html Hurricane Sandy: Travel ban and curfew in Atlantic City as night falls], [[NJ.com]], October 29, 2012</ref>

===Ocean County===
[[File:Superstorm_Sandy_damage_in_Seaside_Heights_New_Jersey_-_Star_Jet_1.jpg|thumb|left|The submerged [[Star Jet]] roller coaster at the damaged [[Casino Pier]] in [[Seaside Heights, New Jersey|Seaside Heights]]]]
In Ocean County, located north of Atlantic County, damage was severest in the eastern portion of the county, including [[Long Beach Island]], the [[Barnegat Peninsula]], and along the [[Barnegat Bay]]. Damage in the county was worst along the Barnegat Peninsula, with parts of [[Seaside Park, New Jersey|Seaside Park]] inundated by {{convert|4.4|ft|m|abbr=on}} of floodwaters. High tides in Mantoloking created a temporary inlet and swept away several homes, with such severe damage that residents were not allowed to move back until February 2013, or about three months after the storm.<ref name="ncdc"/> Also in Mantoloking, ruptured natural gas lines ignited fires, destroying 14&nbsp;homes.<ref name="ncdc"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Fire That Destroyed NJ Shore Homes Rekindled|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/fire-breaks-storm-damaged-nj-shore-town-17605073#.UJEQ2G_WIm8|work=ABC News|access-date=31 October 2012}}</ref>

In [[Seaside Heights, New Jersey|Seaside Heights]], toward the southern end of the Barnegat Peninsula, the storm washed away a {{convert|50|ft|m|abbr=on}} portion of Funtown Pier, a local amusement park. Damage surpassed $1&nbsp;million, with 40 of the 44&nbsp;rides damaged. In the same city, a portion of [[Casino Pier]] collapsed into the ocean due to intense waves, with all of its roller coasters damaged, and a haunted house washed ashore nine&nbsp;miles (15&nbsp;km) away. The [[Star Jet]] roller coaster fell off the damaged pier into the ocean but remained largely intact.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=NJ.com|accessdate=December 17, 2021|title=50 feet of Seaside Heights' Funtown Pier collapse from Hurricane Sandy|url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/la-xpm-2012-nov-07-a-trb-hurricane-superstorm-sandy-new-jersey-new-york-pier-11201207-story.html|date=October 29, 2012}}</ref><ref name="lat117">{{cite news|agency=Los Angeles Times|date=November 7, 2012|title=Superstorm Sandy: Tallying the damage at amusement piers|url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/la-xpm-2012-nov-07-a-trb-hurricane-superstorm-sandy-new-jersey-new-york-pier-11201207-story.html|author=Brady McDonald}}</ref> Most of the rides in these amusement parks were destroyed, including roller coasters.<ref>Zezima, Katie. [http://www.wday.com/event/article/id/70802/group/homepage/ "Storm washes away much of 'Jersey Shore' town"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130217011336/http://www.wday.com/event/article/id/70802/group/homepage/|date=2013-02-17}}. wday.com. November 1, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2012.</ref>

The seaside communities on [[Long Beach Island]] were among the hardest-hit. Scores of homes and business were destroyed and the storm surge deposited up to four feet of sand on island streets, making them impassable.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hutchins|first=Ryan|title=Extensive damage from Sandy litters Long Beach Island|work=The Star-Ledger|location=Newark, NJ|date=October 31, 2012|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/10/extensive_damage_from_sandy_li.html|access-date=October 31, 2012}}</ref> Governor Christie issued a mandatory evacuation on October 28, and residents and business owners were prohibited from returning until November 10. The island's estimated monetary damage was over $750 million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lassonde|first=Victoria|title=Long Beach Island Damage Could Reach $1 Billion, Mayor Says|url=http://thesandpaper.villagesoup.com/news/story/barnegat-light-spared-from-worst-of-hurricane/918758|access-date=10 November 2012|newspaper=The Sandpaper|date=2 November 2012}}</ref>

[[Mantoloking, New Jersey|Mantoloking]] was especially hard hit, suffering severe "wash over" including the creation of two new, temporary inlets. Approximately two dozen oceanfront houses in Mantoloking were completely removed from their foundations and destroyed.

As of May 18, homeowners of [[Dover Beaches South, New Jersey|Ortley Beach]] still had not been allowed onto the Barrier Island to check on their properties. Ortley Beach was declared "Ground Zero" because of the unbelievable amount of devastation.

Two people drowned on the Ocean County mainland &ndash; a 72-year-old in [[Mystic Island, New Jersey|Mystic Island]], and a 61-year-old in his house in [[Brick Township, New Jersey|Brick Township]]. Also in Brick, a 61-year-old died while attempting to remove a tree stump. Wind gusts reached {{convert|88|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in [[Tuckerton, New Jersey|Tuckerton]].<ref name="ncdc"/> The [[Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station]] in [[Lacey Township]] issued an alert, the second-lowest on a four-level warning system, when storm waters rose {{convert|6|ft|m|abbr=on}} above normal and entered the plant's [[intake]] system. The plant was not generating electricity at the time due to maintenance, and due to storm-related power outages, workers used generators to keep the reactor cool.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|author=Scott Lituchy|newspaper=New Jersey Star-Ledger|title=Superstorm Sandy puts NJ's Oyster Creek nuclear power plant on alert; NY's Indian Point plant shut down |url=https://www.nj.com/news/2012/10/superstorm_sandy_puts_njs_oyst.html|at=NJ.com|access-date=January 21, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|author=Kevin Osnos|title=Sandy, Fukushima, and the Nuclear Industry|magazine=The New Yorker|date=November 2, 2012|accessdate=January 21, 2022|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/evan-osnos/sandy-fukushima-and-the-nuclear-industry#ixzz2B5DCWPM2}}</ref>

===Monmouth County===
High waters occurred on the ocean and the bay coastlines of Monmouth County. There was a high water mark of {{convert|7.9|ft|m|abbr=on}} in [[Keyport, New Jersey|Keyport]].<ref name="tcr"/> In [[Keansburg, New Jersey|Keansburg]], the storm washed {{convert|3|ft|m|abbr=on}} of sand in Keansburg Amusement Park.<ref name="lat117"/> Hurricane Sandy forced the Sandy Hook section of [[Gateway National Recreation Area]] to close for six months.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sandy Hook Reopens More Than Six Months After Hurricane Sandy |url=https://www.njspotlightnews.org/video/sandy-hook-reopens-more-than-six-months-after-hurricane-sandy/ |access-date=December 19, 2022 |publisher=NJ Spotlight News |date=May 7, 2013}}</ref> The [[Belmar, New Jersey|Belmar]] boardwalk was also destroyed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Belmar's boardwalk destroyed by Hurricane Sandy|url=http://www.nj.com/monmouth/index.ssf/2012/10/belmars_boardwalk_destroyed_by_hurricane_sandy.html |publisher=The Newark Star-Ledger|access-date=October 30, 2012}}</ref>

===Middlesex County===

Significant tidal flooding occurred along the [[Raritan River]] in [[Perth Amboy, New Jersey|Perth Amboy]] and [[Sayreville, New Jersey|Sayreville]], destroying Perth Amboy's marina and waterfront<ref>{{cite news |title=Fire Chief: Perth Amboy waterfont devastated; marina destroyed |url=http://www.nj.com/middlesex/index.ssf/2012/10/fire_chief_perth_amboy_waterfo.html|publisher=The Newark Star-Ledger|access-date=October 30, 2012}}</ref> and forcing people to leave their homes.<ref name="ncdc"/> High waters damaged a fuel tank at the [[Sewaren, New Jersey|Sewaren]] terminal, spilling {{convert|378000|USgal|litre|abbr=off}} of low-sulfur diesel into the waterway; it was the largest oil spill in New Jersey in more than a decade. About {{convert|255,180|USgal|litre|abbr=off}} &ndash; the equivalent of 30&nbsp;tanker trucks &ndash; spilled into the [[Arthur Kill]] and its tributaries, the tidal waterway separating New Jersey from [[Staten Island, New York]]. Within 24&nbsp;hours, hundreds of workers used skimmers, trucks, barges, and other means to contain the spill, ultimately recovering {{convert|457,519|USgal|litre|abbr=on}} of oily water; much of the remaining spilt oil evaporated or dissipated. The spill killed at least seven birds and covered another seven birds. There was also a small oil spill at the [[Kinder Morgan]] terminal in [[Carteret, New Jersey|Carteret]].<ref name="njoil">{{cite news|date=November 14, 2012|title=Oil spills, other Hurricane Sandy damage present N.J. with potential pollution headaches|at=NJ.com|author=Ryan Hutchins|newspaper=The Star-Ledger|url=https://www.nj.com/news/2012/11/hurricane_sandy_oil_spills.html}}</ref><ref name="dep">{{cite report|title=Damage Assessment Report on the Effects of Hurricane Sandy on the State of New Jersey's Natural Resources|publisher=New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection|date=May 2015|url=https://www.nj.gov/dep/dsr/hurricane-sandy-assessment.pdf}}</ref><ref name="reutoil">{{Cite news|work=Reuters|date=November 5, 2012|title=Fuel spill reported at NJ refinery after Sandy|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-storm-sandy-energy-spill/fuel-spill-reported-at-nj-refinery-after-sandy-idUSBRE8A41E620121105}}</ref>

=== Counties along the Delaware ===
<!--Cape May County-->At the southern tip of the state, [[Cape May County, New Jersey|Cape May County]] experienced high tides and flooding, although to a lesser extent than counties farther north. Coastal towns experienced some beach erosion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2012/10/30/cape-may-breathes-sigh-of-relief-in-sandys-aftermath/ |title=Cape May Breathes Sigh Of Relief In Sandy's Aftermath « CBS Philly |publisher=Philadelphia.cbslocal.com |date=2012-10-30 |access-date=2013-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Central PA |url=http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2012/10/cape_may_nj_quaint_town_was_la.html |title=Cape May, N.J.: Quaint town was largely spared from Hurricane Sandy damage |date=31 October 2012 |publisher=PennLive.com |access-date=2013-02-10}}</ref> In [[Wildwood, New Jersey|Wildwood]], floodwaters and storm debris caused minor damage to [[Morey's Piers]].<ref name="lat117"/>

In [[Salem County, New Jersey|Salem County]], the [[Salem Nuclear Power Plant]] was shut down by workers after high floodwaters and storm debris blocked four of the six water-circulating pumps.<ref>{{cite news|title=3 nuclear power reactors shut down during Hurricane Sandy|date=October 30, 2012|author=Steven Mufson|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/3-nuclear-power-reactors-shut-down-during-sandy/2012/10/30/7ddd3a94-22b6-11e2-8448-81b1ce7d6978_story.html|accessdate=January 21, 2022}}</ref> High tides also damaged the pier to the [[Fort Mott (New Jersey)|Fort Mott]] [[Forts Ferry Crossing|ferry crossing]], causing it to be rerouted to [[Port of Salem|Barber's Basin]] in [[Salem, New Jersey|Salem]].<ref>{{cite news  | last = Gallo Jr.  | first = Bill  | title = Passenger ferry service to link Salem City with 2 historic Delaware sites  | newspaper = South Jersey Times  | date = April 17, 2013  | url = http://www.nj.com/salem/index.ssf/2013/04/new_passenger_ferry_service_to.html#incart_river  | access-date = 2013-07-22  }}</ref> The ferry returned to Fort Mott in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Delaware City – Salem Ferry Changes Name to Forts Ferry Crossing|publisher=Delaware River and Bay Authority|date=March 13, 2015|url=http://decitysalemferry.com/Portals/0/Users/007/07/7/cmlf_dcsf_fortsferrycrossing15rel.pdf|access-date=June 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611134443/http://decitysalemferry.com/Portals/0/Users/007/07/7/cmlf_dcsf_fortsferrycrossing15rel.pdf|archive-date=June 11, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Hudson Waterfront===
[[File:NJ National Guard in Hoboken during Hurricane Sandy.jpg|thumb|right|New Jersey National Guard in flooded [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] following Hurricane Sandy]]
Communities along the [[Hudson Waterfront]] were flooded by the storm surge through [[New York Bay]] and into the [[North River (Hudson River)|Hudson River]]. There were massive power outages in [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]], [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]], [[North Bergen, New Jersey|North Bergen]], and [[Edgewater, New Jersey|Edgewater]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Hurricane Sandy: Hudson county flooding, evacuations, power outages and more &ndash; latest updates|url=http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2012/10/hurricane_sandy_hudson_county.html#incart_river|publisher=The Jersey Journal|access-date=October 30, 2012}}</ref> forcing the evacuation of patients from [[Palisades Medical Center]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Palisades Medical Center under evacuation after two generators fail|date=30 October 2012|url=http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2012/10/palisades_medical_center_under.html|publisher=The Jersey Journal|access-date=October 30, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Power problems cause closure of North Jersey hospital|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/10/power_problems_cause_closure_o.html|agency=Associated Press|access-date=October 30, 2012}}</ref>

Half of Jersey City lost power, while large sections of the [[Downtown Jersey City|Downtown]], including City Hall and the [[Jersey City Medical Center]], flooded and had to be evacuated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fire Chief: Chaos in Jersey City as flood waters rise, officials investigate reports of building collapses|date=30 October 2012|url=http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2012/10/chaos_in_jersey_city_as_flood.html#incart_m-rpt-2|publisher=The Newark Star-Ledger|access-date=October 30, 2012}}</ref> As high tide approached, the Hudson River overflowed the wall at [[Exchange Place (Jersey City)|Exchange Place]]. Around the same time, Liberty Harbor spilled into the southern part of Marin Boulevard. Both breaches caused water to rush down Columbus Drive and Marin Boulevard where they met near the Historic Downtown. From there, the flood spread throughout the low-lying areas of Jersey City. At approximately 10:30{{nbsp}}pm EST, the water reached maximum height. In Paulus Hook, there were only a few intersections spared. Those included the rectangle of intersections from Greene/Montgomery through Warren/Morris with the exception of Warren/Montgomery, which only flooded about a foot. Power was lost several hours after Paulus Hook became an island, at around 9:30{{nbsp}}pm EST on October 29.

Half the city of Hoboken was flooded and the city government evacuated two of its fire stations. Hoboken's mayor asked for [[New Jersey National Guard|National Guard]] help.<ref>{{cite news|title=Superstorm Sandy Slams into New Jersey Coast |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/superstorm-sandy-takes-aim-atlantic-coast-0 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=30 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030211337/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/superstorm-sandy-takes-aim-atlantic-coast-0 |archive-date=30 October 2012 }}</ref> By late night October 30, an estimated 20,000 people were stranded in Hoboken, surrounded by water. The [[New Jersey National Guard]] was deployed and began assisting in rescues on October 31.

In [[Weehawken]], the downtown neighborhood known as the Shades incurred terrible damage, with nearly every resident forced to temporarily relocate.<ref>''[[Year in Review: The Hudson Reporter]]''. December 30, 2012. p. 18</ref>

The storm was ranked #5 on ''[[The Hudson Reporter]]'''s 2013 list of the 50 most influential people and entities in [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson County]].<ref>Cruz, Vanessa; DeChiaro, Dean; Rambay Fernandez, Adriana; Palasciano, Amanda; Sullivan, Al; Wright, E. Assata (January 13, 2013). "Power Surge". ''The Union City Reporter''. pp. 1, 5-7, 10.</ref>

In the early morning of October 30, authorities in [[Bergen County, New Jersey]], were evacuating residents after a [[berm]] overflowed and flooded several communities. Jeanne Baratta, Chief of Staff for Bergen County Executive [[Kathleen Donovan]], said there were up to {{convert|5|ft|m}} of water in the streets of [[Moonachie, New Jersey|Moonachie]] and [[Little Ferry, New Jersey|Little Ferry]]. The state Office of Emergency Management said rescues also were underway in [[Carlstadt, New Jersey|Carlstadt]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Bergen Co. Police: Possible levee breach could mean 1,000 in need of rescue, some from roofs of homes|url=http://startingpoint.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/30/bergen-co-police-possible-levee-breach-could-mean-1000-in-need-of-rescue-some-from-roofs-of-homes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102045335/http://startingpoint.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/30/bergen-co-police-possible-levee-breach-could-mean-1000-in-need-of-rescue-some-from-roofs-of-homes/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 2, 2012|publisher=CNN|access-date=30 October 2012|date=October 30, 2012}}</ref> Baratta said the three towns had been "devastated" by the flood of water.<ref>{{cite news|title=Levee breaks in Northern New Jersey, floods three towns|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-levee-moonachie-break-idUSBRE89T0L020121030|publisher=Reuters|access-date=30 October 2012|date=October 30, 2012}}</ref>

Damaged tanks spilled around {{convert|7700|USgal|L}} of fuel spilled from [[Phillips 66]]'s [[Bayway Refinery]] in [[Linden, New Jersey|Linden]], and its smell was noticeable in nearby homes. Workers repaired the tank and used vehicles to collect some of the fuel from the waterway.<ref name="reutoil"/>

===Other areas===
[[File:Hurricane Sandy photos Summit NJ 6.jpg|thumb|right|Downed tree in [[Summit, New Jersey|Summit]]]]
In [[Morristown, New Jersey|Morristown]], sustained winds peaked at {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} with gusts to {{convert|68|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Other peaks gusts include <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myfoxdetroit.com/story/19961329/sandys-final-numbers-include-94-mph-winds-two-feet-of-snow?clienttype=printable|title=Sandy's final numbers include 94 mph winds, two feet of snow – Fox 2 News Headlines |publisher=Myfoxdetroit.com |date=2012-10-31 |access-date=2012-11-24}}</ref> {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in Clifton, {{convert|78|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in Newark, {{convert|74|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in Point Pleasant, and {{convert|61|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in Basking Ridge. Gusts along Long Beach Island peaked between {{convert|75|and|90|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cliffviewpilot.com/hurricane-sandy-dispatches-from-north-jersey/|title=Hurricane Sandy dispatches from North Jersey |publisher=Cliffviewpilot.com |date=2012-10-29 |access-date=2012-11-24}}</ref> Many buildings and homes were damaged especially to siding and roof surfaces. Hundreds of thousands of trees were downed across the state, especially in Morris and Sussex Counties in the northern half. In downtown Morristown, the Morris County Courthouse had a portion of its roof blown off in high gusts.<ref>{{cite web|author=Francis P. Alai says |url=http://morristowngreen.com/2012/10/29/roof-blows-off-morris-county-courthouse/ |title=Roof blows off Morris County Courthouse |publisher=Morristown Green |date=2012-10-29 |access-date=2012-11-24}}</ref> In Edison, New Jersey, wind gusts near 86&nbsp;mph knocked two large trees into each other, downing power lines that triggered explosions. The two trees slammed onto a resident's car, completely blowing out windows and smashing the trunk.

The rail operations center of [[New Jersey Transit]] was flooded by {{convert|8|ft|m}} of water and an emergency generator was submerged. Floodwater damaged at least 65 locomotive engines and 257 rail cars. It was expected to be weeks before the resumption of service.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sandy pummels West Virginia as grueling recovery begins on East Coast|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/31/us/tropical-weather-sandy/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=31 October 2012|date=November 1, 2012}}</ref>

Basking Ridge New Jersey and the Somerset Hills area suffered numerous downed trees, downed power lines and road closures lasting for up to 2 weeks.

===Transportation===
As of early morning October 31, nearly 3,000 flights had been cancelled. [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark Liberty Airport]] reopened in the afternoon of October 31. [[Teterboro Airport]] remained closed until November 1.<ref>{{cite news|title=Superstorm Sandy: nearly 3,000 flights cancelled today|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/9645191/Superstorm-Sandy-nearly-3000-flights-cancelled-today.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=31 October 2012|location=London|date=October 31, 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://stream.wsj.com/story/2012-storm-season/SS-2-48537/SS-2-88828/ Live updates: Sandy] ''The Wall Street Journal'', Nov 1, 2011</ref>
[[New Jersey Transit]] was shut down in its entirety. Rail service was partly restored on Nov 1. [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson|PATH]] services were also shut down.

==Aftermath==
[[File:Long gas lines in Summit NJ in aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.jpg|thumb|right|Line at gas station in [[Summit, New Jersey|Summit]]]]
Hurricane Sandy created the [[List of major power outages|largest power outage]] in American history, with 8.5&nbsp;million residents across 21&nbsp;states affected,<ref name="nj1116">{{cite news|title=After Sandy, power in N.J. restored faster than elsewhere following previous major storms|date=November 16, 2012|publisher=NJ.com|accessdate=December 18, 2021|url=https://www.nj.com/news/2012/11/power_not_so_slow_to_be_restor.html|agency=Associated Press}}</ref> including 2.7 million households and businesses in New Jersey.<ref name="ncdc"/> This became a health hazard due to cool indoor temperatures.<ref name="njh1223">{{cite news|agency=New Jersey Herald|date=December 23, 2012|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/jersey-central-power--light-submits-rate-filing-for-hurricane-sandy-restoration-costs-192570221.html|title=JCP&L post-Sandy performance undergoing further scrutiny|author=Eric Obernauer|accessdate=December 18, 2021}}</ref> The power outages led to at least 13&nbsp;fatalities in the state &ndash; four from hypothermia, three from carbon monoxide poisoning, two in a house fire caused by a generator, two in a house fire caused by candles, and two senior citizens from lack of oxygen.<ref name="ncdc"/><ref name="dead"/> Electric companies worked immediately to restore the power grid, cutting down at least 93,000&nbsp;trees and replacing more than 2,400&nbsp;power poles.<ref name="ncdc"/> By a week after the storm, about 775,000&nbsp;people in the state were still without power,<ref>{{cite web|title=In the wake of Sandy, 775K in New Jersey still in the dark even as recovery continues|date=5 November 2012|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/11/more_than_775k_customers_in_nj.html|publisher=NJ1|access-date=5 November 2012}}</ref> Power restoration was disrupted by a [[November 2012 nor'easter|nor'easter]] that swept the region 10&nbsp;days after Sandy; the subsequent nor'easter produced heavy snowfall and {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} gusts, causing additional power outages and tree damage, and forcing some coastal residents to evacuate again.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nor'easter Evacuations for Some New York, New Jersey Residents|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/noreaster-evacuations-york-jersey-residents/story?id=17662588#.UJp2zG_WIm9|work=ABC News|access-date=7 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/weather/2012/11/08/noreaster-more-wind-water-to-storm-battered-east-coast/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109204735/http://www.foxnews.com/weather/2012/11/08/noreaster-more-wind-water-to-storm-battered-east-coast/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 9, 2012 |title=Nor'easter brings more wind, water to storm-battered East Coast |agency=Associated Press |date=2012-11-08 |access-date=2011-11-08 |work=Fox News}}</ref> Within 11&nbsp;days of the storm, 95% of the state had their power restored; this was a faster rate of restoration than other widespread outages from natural disasters.<ref name="nj1116"/> Some places remained without power for two weeks, such as [[Hopatcong, New Jersey|Hopatcong]] in the state's northernmost county, [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex]].<ref name="njh1223"/> Jersey Central Power & Light spent about $670&nbsp;million in response to the storm.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jersey Central Power & Light Submits Rate Filing For Hurricane Sandy Restoration Costs|agency=FirstEnergy Corp.|date=February 22, 2013|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/jersey-central-power--light-submits-rate-filing-for-hurricane-sandy-restoration-costs-192570221.html|accessdate=December 18, 2021|publisher=PR Newswire}}</ref> About 60% of the state's gas stations were closed after Sandy, forcing people to wait in line for hours to get fuel.<ref>Halbfinger, David M. [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/01/nyregion/new-jersey-continues-to-cope-with-hurricane-sandy.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 "New Jersey Reels From Storm's Thrashing"]. nytimes.com. October 31, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-hurricane-sandy-east-coast-20121102,0,4543643.story "Post-Sandy misery: Power out, toilets clogged, temperatures falling"]. latimes.com. November 2, 2012. Retrieved November 3, 2012.</ref>

On October&nbsp;29, the same day as Sandy's landfall, Governor Christie requested an expedited federal disaster declaration, which would allocate funds for individual public assistance and debris removal. The request included the four counties bordering the Atlantic Ocean &ndash; Cape May, Atlantic, Ocean, and Monmouth &ndash; as well as four counties in North Jersey &ndash; Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, and Union. United States President [[Barack Obama]] approved the disaster declaration on October&nbsp;30, a day after Sandy's landfall.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency|url=https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-09/pda_report_fema_4086_dr_nj.pdf|title=New Jersey – Hurricane Sandy FEMA-4086-DR|accessdate=December 17, 2021}}</ref> On October&nbsp;31, Governor Christie welcomed President Obama to see the damaged areas along the [[Jersey Shore]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hurricane Sandy: U.S. East Coast faces challenge of rebuilding: 'I lost everything'|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/1280151--hurricane-sandy-u-s-east-coast-faces-challenge-of-rebuilding-i-lost-everything|work=TheStar.com|access-date=31 October 2012|location=Toronto|date=October 31, 2012}}</ref>  Ultimately, about 130,000&nbsp;applied for assistance through FEMA.<ref name="ncdc"/>

<!--state response-->Governor Christie signed an [[executive order]] postponing [[Halloween]] until November 5.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Jersey Halloween Moved To Next Monday: Christie|url=http://www.wopular.com/new-jersey-halloween-moved-next-monday-christie|publisher=Wpopular|access-date=1 November 2012}}</ref> On the night of November 2, Governor Christie took action to prevent a fuel shortage and ease the problem of extended wait times and lines at gas stations by signing [[Executive order (United States)|Executive Order]] 108, declaring a limited state of energy emergency with regard to the supply of motor fuel and implementing [[odd-even rationing]] for gasoline purchases in 12 New Jersey counties. Odd-even fuel sales took effect in the following counties at noon on November 3: Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Morris, Monmouth, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union, and Warren counties.<ref>{{cite web|title=Odd-even gas rationing for 12 NJ counties|url=https://abc7ny.com/archive/8869757/|publisher=WABC TV|access-date=3 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105210205/http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news%2Flocal%2Fnew_jersey&id=8869757|archive-date=5 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> This ended at 6{{nbsp}}a.m. EST November 13.<ref>{{cite news|title=New Jersey to end odd-even gas rationing in 12 counties at 6 a.m. Tuesday|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/New-Jersey-to-end-odd-even-gas-rationing-in-12-4029853.php|publisher=SFGate|access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref> Governor Christie signed an executive order to suspend the Bergen County Sunday [[blue laws]] on November 4, allowing stores and malls to be open for the benefit of those severely affected by the hurricane. A week later, the blue laws were put back into effect.<ref>Sullivan, S. P. [http://www.nj.com/bergen/index.ssf/2012/11/bergen_blue_laws_are_back_paramus_mayor_says_gov_christie_has_lifted_executive_order.html "Bergen blue laws are back: Paramus mayor says Gov. Christie has reinstated Sunday shopping ban"], NJ Advance Media for [[NJ.com]], November 13, 2012. Accessed January 28, 2018.</ref> Governor Christie's approval rating increased from 48 percent in October to 67 percent on November 21.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-storm-sandy-christie-idUSBRE8AK07B20121121 "After Sandy, a surge of support for New Jersey's Christie"]. reuters.com. November 21, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2012.</ref> The governor estimated the cost to repair storm damage at $36.8&nbsp;billion at the end of November 2012, requesting that amount from the federal government.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=CBS News|title=Christie: NJ's Damage From Sandy Nearly $37 Billion|accessdate=December 18, 2021|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2012/11/28/christie-njs-damage-from-sandy-nearly-37-billion/}}</ref> The New Jersey government investigated many reports of [[price gouging]].<ref>{{cite web|title=New Jersey investigating reports of price gouging|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/new-jersey-investigating-reports-price-gouging-1C6791587|work=NBC News|access-date=1 November 2012}}</ref> As of December 19, the state had filed lawsuits against 24 businesses: 13 hotels and 11 gas stations.<ref>Pizzi, Jenna. [http://www.nj.com/mercer/index.ssf/2012/12/west_windsor_hotel_named_in_po.html "New Jersey accuses six more businesses of post-Hurricane Sandy price gouging"]. nj.com. December 19, 2012. Retrieved December 19, 2012.</ref>

After a week, angry residents on the island communities, like [[Seaside Heights, New Jersey|Seaside Heights]] and [[Lavallette, New Jersey|Lavallette]], wanted to know when they could go back to their property.<ref>{{cite web|title=Angered residents of N.J.'s barrier islands want to know: When can they return?|date=6 November 2012|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/11/angered_residents_of_njs_barri.html|publisher=NJ1|access-date=6 November 2012}}</ref> Two people died after they were struck by a debris-cleaning vehicle.<ref name="dead"/><ref name="ncdc"/>

Because of the storm, New Jersey allowed electronic voting on Election Day on November 6. Election officials were overwhelmed with requests and many votes were not counted.<ref>Curry, Colleen. [https://abcnews.go.com/US/OTUS/jersey-storm-victims-struggled-votes-counted/story?id=17658607#.UJqrA2_O0l8 "Email Voting for N.J. Storm Victims Failed, Votes Not Counted Tuesday"]. abcnews.go.com. November 7, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2012.</ref> Voter turnout in the election was 67 percent, which was the lowest turnout for a presidential election in the state's history. Monmouth County suffered the largest decline in turnout, at 9.2 percent.<ref>Symons, Michael. [http://www.dailyrecord.com/article/20121209/NJNEWS1102/312090037/Another-Sandy-casualty-N-J-voter-turnout "Another Sandy casualty: N.J. voter turnout"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130121063816/http://www.dailyrecord.com/article/20121209/NJNEWS1102/312090037/Another-Sandy-casualty-N-J-voter-turnout |date=2013-01-21 }}. dailyrecord.com. December 10, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2012.</ref>

===Transportation===
[[File:New Jersey National Guard - Flickr - The National Guard (5).jpg|thumb|[[New Jersey National Guard]] workers clearing sand from streets in [[Holgate, New Jersey|Holgate]] on [[Long Beach Island]]]]
Starting November 1, [[New Jersey Transit]] restored bus service on 68 bus routes in northern and central New Jersey and 18 bus routes in southern New Jersey, providing service over the entire routes with no detours or truncations. Partial service was scheduled to be restored on 58 bus routes in northern and central New Jersey and 17 routes in southern New Jersey, to operate with detours or truncations due to the impact from Hurricane Sandy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Limited MTA Subway service to resume|url=http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=weather&id=8863734|publisher=WABC TV New York|access-date=1 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101231823/http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=weather&id=8863734|archive-date=1 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On November 1, it was announced the state would receive $10 million in emergency transportation funding to help repair roads and bridges.<ref>{{cite web|title=N.J. to get $10M in emergency relief to repair roads, bridges in wake of Sandy|date=2 November 2012|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/11/nj_to_get_10m_in_emergency_rel.html|publisher=NJ.com|access-date=2 November 2012}}</ref>

On November 2, NJ Transit began to run very limited service to [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Penn Station]]. Trains on the [[Northeast Corridor Line]], [[North Jersey Coast Line]], and [[Raritan Valley Line]] all ran some trains to [[Manhattan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Limited NJ Transit rail service to resume|url=https://abc7ny.com/archive/8866635/|publisher=WABC TV|access-date=2 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103134031/http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=resources%2Ftraffic&id=8866635|archive-date=3 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

By November 4, NJ Transit was running limited service on the [[Main Line (NJ Transit)|Main Line]] and the Metro-North [[Port Jervis Line]], making all local stops and terminating at [[Secaucus Junction]]. The Port Jervis trains ran on the Main Line only; the [[Bergen County Line]] remained closed until further notice. The Raritan Valley Line operated only between Raritan and Newark. Although the modified Northeast Corridor service continued operating, the [[Princeton Branch]] shuttle remained out of service. Further south, the [[Atlantic City Line]] resumed operating normal service.<ref name=njtro114>{{cite web|title=Christie Administration Announces NJ TRANSIT to Resume Service on Four Rail Lines Sunday Morning|url=http://www.njtransit.com/tm/tm_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=PressReleaseTo&PRESS_RELEASE_ID=2805|work=njtransit.com|publisher=NJ TRANSIT}}</ref> The North Jersey Coast Line also resumed operating on November 4 only as far as [[Woodbridge (NJT station)|Woodbridge]] (and skipping [[Avenel (NJT station)|Avenel]]); however, after one day, this service was discontinued due to severe overcrowding, and NJCL passengers were directed instead to [[Metropark Station|Metropark station]].<ref>{{cite web|last=@NJ_TRANSIT|title=Due to overcrowding, #NJCL service is temp suspended & Woodbridge customers should utilize Metropark for service to/from Newark & NY|url=https://twitter.com/NJ_TRANSIT/status/265425484161114112|work=New Jersey Transit on Twitter|access-date=5 November 2012}}</ref>

[[SEPTA]] loaned 31 buses to NJ Transit to support shuttle service for New Jersey commuters going to New York City.<ref>{{cite web|title=A state-by-state look at superstorm's effects|url=http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-11-05/a-state-by-state-look-at-superstorms-effects|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119015213/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-11-05/a-state-by-state-look-at-superstorms-effects|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 19, 2013|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek|access-date=5 November 2012}}</ref> [[DART First State]] loaned 20 buses from its [[DART First State Sussex County bus routes|Resort Transit]] service that had already ended for the season to NJ Transit to assist in transporting passengers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Delaware buses head to help shuttle NJ storm victims|publisher=WHYY|url=https://whyy.org/articles/delaware-buses-head-to-help-shuttle-nj-storm-victims/|access-date=May 13, 2018}}</ref>

As on November 6, part of PATH rail service to and from [[Midtown Manhattan]] resumed.<ref>{{cite web|title=PATH service to Midtown Manhattan returns Tuesday|date=6 November 2012|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/11/path_service_to_midtown_manhat.html|publisher=NJ1|access-date=6 November 2012}}</ref>

PATH train service between Manhattan and the Newark Penn and Harrison stations resumed in full on November 12.<ref>{{cite web|title=Additional PATH train service resuming Monday|url=https://abc7ny.com/archive/8881686/|publisher=WABC TV|access-date=11 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115134614/http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=resources%2Ftraffic&id=8881686|archive-date=15 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

Daytime PATH train service was scheduled to be restored to the [[World Trade Center (PATH station)|World Trade Center]] station starting Monday, November 25 at 5{{nbsp}}a.m. EST.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bloomberg Announces Grant Program For Sandy-Affected Small Businesses|url=http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/172794/bloomberg-announces-grant-program-for-sandy-affected-small-businesses|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130163306/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/172794/bloomberg-announces-grant-program-for-sandy-affected-small-businesses|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 January 2013|publisher=NY1|access-date=24 November 2012}}</ref>

On January 28, 2013, PATH trains resumed overnight between Newark and the World Trade Center.<ref>{{cite web|title=Overnight PATH Service Resumes Between Newark, WTC|url=http://www.ny1.com/content/transit/176096/overnight-path-service-resumes-between-newark--wtc|publisher=NY1|access-date=28 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202084217/http://www.ny1.com/content/transit/176096/overnight-path-service-resumes-between-newark--wtc|archive-date=2 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On January 30, 2013, full PATH train service between [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] and the World Trade Center resumed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hoboken-World Trade Center PATH service to resume|url=http://www.myfoxny.com/story/20791603/hoboken-world-trade-center-path-service-to-resume|publisher=WNYW|access-date=30 January 2013}}</ref>

On February 1, 2013, [[New Jersey Route 35|Route 35]] through [[Mantoloking, New Jersey|Mantoloking]] was fully reopened after being closed since October 29, 2012 from damage from Hurricane Sandy.<ref name="r35">{{cite web|title=Route 35 Through Hurricane-Ravaged Mantoloking To Fully Reopen Friday|date=31 January 2013|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2013/01/31/route-35-through-mantoloking-to-fully-reopen-friday-morning/|publisher=CBS News New York|access-date=1 February 2013}}</ref>

=== Relief efforts ===
[[Time Warner Cable]] donated $500,000 to the Mayor's Fund to Advance New York City, and $50,000 each to the Red Cross of Northeastern New York and the Red Cross of Northern New Jersey. They also sent out vehicles with mobile charging stations and free [[WiFi]] access points, and opened all its WiFi spots in the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=TWC Donates $600K To Relief Efforts, Rolls Out Charging Stations|url=http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/171707/twc-donates--600k-to-relief-efforts--rolls-out-charging-stations|publisher=NY1|access-date=2 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112034826/http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/171707/twc-donates--600k-to-relief-efforts--rolls-out-charging-stations|archive-date=12 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

About 300 [[Marines]] from the [[26th Marine Expeditionary Unit]] based out of [[Camp Lejeune, North Carolina]] landed in New Jersey and joined rescue, relief, and cleanup efforts.<ref>{{cite news|title=Storm Aftermath: Live Updates|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/10/28/nyregion/hurricane-sandy.html?smid=tw-nytimes#sha=c5d4b7366|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 November 2012|date=October 28, 2012}}</ref>

The [[Massachusetts]] federally-owned [[TS Kennedy]] was sent to [[Elizabeth, New Jersey]] on November 4. The ship served as a "hotel" for emergency workers, power crews, and others helping the area.<ref>{{cite news|title=A STATE-BY-STATE LOOK AT SUPERSTORM'S EFFECTS|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/state-state-look-superstorms-effects-1|agency=Associated Press|access-date=3 November 2012|archive-date=16 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316005425/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/state-state-look-superstorms-effects-1|url-status=dead}}</ref>

FEMA stated that, as of November 4, $31 million in federal aid was approved for residents of New Jersey.<ref>Johnson, Danielle. [http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/2-FEMA-Centers-Open-to-NJ-Sandy-Victims-177157701.html "2 FEMA Centers Open to NJ Sandy Victims"]. nbcphiladelphia.com. November 4, 2012. Retrieved November 4, 2012.</ref>

===Long term aftermath===
{{update section|date=September 2016}}
As of April 2013, many houses on Mantoloking remained damaged, although the post office was reopened and about 40&nbsp;residents were able to move back by April 2013. By that time, about 39,000&nbsp;families statewide were still unable to return to their homes, down from 161,000 after Sandy struck. Towns had to borrow money to pay for power restoration and police and fire workers before the federal government compensated them. There were new regulations on how high new homes had to be rebuilt to prevent future flooding. Boardwalks were rebuilt and beaches were restored, the latter due to a combination of natural processes and bulldozers.<ref>{{cite news|author=Wayne Parry|date=2013-04-27|title=6 Months After Sandy, Thousands Homeless in NY, NJ|agency=Associated Press|work=ABC News|access-date=2013-04-27|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/months-sandy-thousands-homeless-ny-nj-19056756#.UXwIZrXqmh2}}</ref> The roller coaster at [[Casino Pier]] in [[Seaside Heights, New Jersey|Seaside Heights]] was demolished on May 14, 2013, after sitting in the ocean for nearly six months. As of the 2016 summer, many oceanfront homes in Mantoloking had been rebuilt, while a stretch of several blocks had empty lots where homes once stood near the Mantoloking Bridge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://darkroom.baltimoresun.com/2013/05/iconic-seaside-heights-roller-coaster-torn-down/#1 |title=Iconic Seaside Heights roller coaster torn down |publisher=Darkroom.baltimoresun.com |access-date=2013-05-20}}</ref>

In July 2021, a nature preserve at [[Liberty State Park]] finally re-opened after a nearly 9 year closure.<ref>[https://www.nj.com/hudson/2021/07/more-than-8-years-after-sandy-liberty-state-park-nature-center-reopens-to-the-public.html More than 8 years after Sandy, Liberty State Park nature center reopens to the public], [[NJ.com]], July 12, 2021</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[Effects of Hurricane Irene in New Jersey]]
* [[List of New Jersey hurricanes]]
* [[Stronger than the Storm]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey}}
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2012/SANDY.shtml? National Hurricane Center advisories] (FEMA Hurricane Sandy Timeline)
* [https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/sandy/photo-comparisons/newjersey.php USGS photos]

{{Hurricane Sandy series}}

[[Category:Hurricane Sandy|New Jersey]]
[[Category:Hurricanes in New Jersey|Sandy (2012)]]
[[Category:2012 in New Jersey]]
[[Category:2012 natural disasters in the United States|Hurricane Sandy]]
[[Category:Effects of hurricanes in the United States|Sandy]]

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Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/rfd (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/t (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Storm categories (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Storm categories/categories (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Storm categories/colors (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Storm categories/icons (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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