Michael Burnham in a Starfleet prisoner uniform and two civilian prisoners, Cold and Psycho, in 2256
A prisoner, also known as a captive or an inmate, was an individual who was captured and confined in a prison, brig, or other detention center because of a crime or by a set of circumstances. A specific class of prisoner was a prisoner of war.
In June 2151, a landing party of Enterprise NX-01 was taken prisoner by a commando of the Andorian Imperial Guard while visiting the Vulcan monastery at P'Jem. Held hostage, the Andorian Tholos had a special interest in keeping T'Pol as his prisoner. (ENT: "The Andorian Incident")
In August that year, Matthew Ryan and the crew of the ECS Fortunate took a Nausicaan prisoner and interrogated and tortured him in one of the cargo modules. (ENT: "Fortunate Son")
In 2153, Captain Jonathan Archer was held prisoner by the Tellarite bounty hunter Skalaar aboard the Tezra until he transferred him aboard Goroth's starship. (ENT: "Bounty")
In 2258, James T. Kirk recorded a log in which he accused then-acting captain Spock of marooning him on the planet Delta Vega, an action he believed to be a violation of security protocol 49.09, which regarded treatment of prisoners held on a starship. (Star Trek)
According to James T. Kirk, Klingons didn't take prisoners. (Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan)
The post-atomic horror court scenario created by Q in 2364 had a Mandarin bailiff overseeing the prisoners during their interrogation by Judge Q. (TNG: "Encounter at Farpoint")
In 2365, when Lieutenant Lieutenant questioned the newly transferred Commander William T. Riker's loyalty to the IKS Pagh, Riker attacked him, telling him that his oath to the ship was between Captain Kargan and himself and that Klag's only concern was how to obey his orders, unless he preferred the rank of prisoner instead of lieutenant. (TNG: "A Matter Of Honor")
In 2366, after Roga Danar had attacked the Lunar V penal colony, hundreds of prisoners rioted and several escaped along with Danar to Angosia III. (TNG: "The Hunted")
In 2367, when transporter chief Miles O'Brien tried to stop Lwaxana Troi from visiting Kaelon II to try to convince Dr. Timicin not to undertake the Ritual, a form of ritual suicide, she asked if she was a prisoner. (TNG: "Half a Life")
In the Romulan prison camp on Carraya IV, Klingon prisoners and Romulan guards lived peacefully together following the Khitomer Massacre of 2346. (TNG: "Birthright, Part I", "Birthright, Part II")
In 2370, Odo made Quark a deputy under him in order to investigate the dealings of The Circle with the Kressari. Quark laughed at the idea, but Odo was completely serious, telling him that he if he did not help he would put him a cell for an impeding an investigation; that he was either a deputy or a prisoner. At that, Quark commented wryly "I'm a deputy." (DS9: "The Circle")
In 2371, Benjamin Sisko explained Thomas Riker that the sensor logs of the USS Defiant on the Orias system are more important to the Cardassians than a handful of Maquis prisoners. (DS9: "Defiant")
That same year, as part of a ceremony to celebrate his promotion to the rank of lieutenant commander, Worf played the role of a prisoner in a holographic program simulating a brig vessel, the USS Enterprise, in which he was condemned to walk the plank. (Star Trek Generations)
The Mokra Order used torture on their prisoners including Tuvok. (VOY: "Resistance")
Without his mobile emitter, The Doctor felt like a prisoner inside sickbay. (VOY: "Concerning Flight")
Tuvok held as prisoner by the Hirogen
Hirogen hunters hunted down their prey, held them as prisoners, and later killed it. In 2374, Tuvok and Seven of Nine were held prisoners aboard a Hirogen ship. (VOY: "Hunters")
When The Doctor was threatened by the Romulans Rekar and Nevala, he asked if there wasn't some kind of convention regarding the treatment of prisoners. (VOY: "Message in a Bottle")
As part of a bluff, Tuvok told the con artist Dala that inmates in Telsian prisons often died of malnutrition before being brought to trial. When it seemed that she was in no way swayed, Captain Janeway, continuing the bluff, told him to contact to the Telsians to inform them that they had a prisoner to turn over. (VOY: "Live Fast and Prosper")
In 2377, while aboard the USS Voyager, Warden Yediq filed a security report that Neelix had access to and mentioned that Yedig's life was threatened by one of his prisoners, Joleg, after the prisoner attempted to escape captivity. (VOY: "Repentance")
After being kidnapped by Nick Locarno in 2381, Beckett Mariner asked Locarno if she had been taken prisoner. Locarno denied this, insisting he had merely rescued her, but she retorted that the "rescue" had been unneeded. (LD: "Old Friends, New Planets")
In 2401, prisoners was listed as one of the results in Raffaela Musiker's search for the "red lady". (PIC: "The Next Generation")