Insoluble Langmuir monolayers are investigated in the presence of dipolar forces which can have two origins: permanent dipoles in neutral monolayers and induced dipoles in charged monolayers. The main effect of the additional long‐range repulsive interactions is to stabilize undulating phases at thermodynamic equilibrium. Phase diagrams are obtained in two limits: close to the liquid–gas critical point via a Ginzburg–Landau expansion of the free energy (mainly within a mean‐field approximation), and at low temperatures by free energy minimization. Possible applications of this theory to experiments at the liquid–gas, liquid expanded–liquid condensed, and solid–liquid transitions are discussed.
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